Is ChatGPT 'ready' to be a learning tool for medical undergraduates and will it perform equally in different subjects? Comparative study of ChatGPT performance in tutorial and case-based learning questions in physiology and biochemistry.

PURPOSE: Generative AI will become an integral part of education in future. The potential of this technology in different disciplines should be identified to promote effective adoption. This study evaluated the performance of ChatGPT in tutorial and case-based learning questions in physiology and biochemistry for medical undergraduates. Our study mainly focused on the performance of GPT-3.5 version while a subgroup was comparatively assessed on GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 performances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Answers were generated in GPT-3.5 for 44 modified essay questions (MEQs) in physiology and 43 MEQs in biochemistry. Each answer was graded by two independent examiners. Subsequently, a subset of 15 questions from each subject were selected to represent different score categories of the GPT-3.5 answers; responses were generated in GPT-4, and graded. RESULTS: The mean score for physiology answers was 74.7 (SD 25.96). GPT-3.5 demonstrated a statistically significant (p = .009) superior performance in lower-order questions of Bloom's taxonomy in comparison to higher-order questions. Deficiencies in the application of physiological principles in clinical context were noted as a drawback. Scores in biochemistry were relatively lower with a mean score of 59.3 (SD 26.9) for GPT-3.5. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores for higher and lower-order questions of Bloom's taxonomy. The deficiencies highlighted were lack of in-depth explanations and precision. The subset of questions where the GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 were compared demonstrated a better overall performance in GPT-4 responses in both subjects. This difference between the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 performance was statistically significant in biochemistry but not in physiology. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in performance across the two versions, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 across the disciplines are noteworthy. Educators and students should understand the strengths and limitations of this technology in different fields to effectively integrate this technology into teaching and learning.

The expression of p73 and c-fos protein in hemangioma and its significance / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of p73 and c-fos protein and its significance in the development of children hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The quantitative expressions of p73 and c-fos protein in hemangioma and normal skin were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of p73 and c-fos protein were strong in proliferative hemangioma while they were very weak in involutional hemangioma and normal skin. There were significant differences between the proliferative and involutional hemangioma or the normal skin in the expressions of p73 and c-fos (P < 0.01). No statistical significances of p73 or c-fos P73 expressions were observed between involutional hemangioma and normal skin (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>P73 and c-fos may play an important role in the development and involution of skin hemangioma.</p>

Effect of sensory neuropeptide substance P on the differentiation of cultured epidermal stem cells in vitro / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) on the differentiation of cultured epidermal stem cells (ESC) in vitro,with in vitro cultured ESC as the platform.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ESC from newborn Wistar rats were isolated, purified by repeated passages in culture. SP was added for stimulation when ESC clone grew. Immunohistochemistry staining with K14 antibody, and flow cytometry (FCM) was performed at 0, 24th, 48th, 72nd, 96th, 144th, 192nd, 240th, 288th, 336th, 384th, 432nd post differentiation hours (PDH) to identify the cell groups and to detect if there were transient amplifying cells (TAC) among the cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ESC in culture formed large colonies after SP treatment with positive staining for K14, indicating that they were TACs. The results of FCM indicated that when ESC were stimulated by SP, TAC colony formation occurred and the cell number increased in a constant speed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ESC could differentiate into TAC by neuropeptide SP induction, and the number of ESC kept on a certain level during the process.</p>

Changes in field excitatory postsynaptic potential and population spike in CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices following low-frequency stimulation / 生理学报

The technique of extracellular recording was used and the changes in the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (S-EPSP) and the amplitude of population spike (A-PS) were observed when homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) was induced by low-frequency stimulation (LFS) in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. After LFS of 900 pulses at 1 Hz was delivered, S-EPSP and A-PS were reduced by 35.4 +/- 5.3% and 68.0 +/- 7.2%, respectively. When LFS of 450 pulses at 1 Hz was delivered, S-EPSP and A-PS were reduced by 14.3 +/- 2.3% and 36.8 +/- 6.7%, respectively. In both groups, the change in A-PS was significantly greater than that in S-EPSP (P<0.01). The changes in both indexes in the group of 900 pulses were greater than those in the group of 450 pulses (P<0.05). High Mg(2+) (4 mmol/L) could attenuate the synaptic transmission, but did not affect the induction of LTD. In the high Mg(2+) medium, the change in A-PS induced by LFS was also markedly greater than that in S-EPSP (P<0.01). These results indicate that the level of homosynaptic LTD induced by LFS is dependent not only on the numbers of pulses of LFS delivered, but also on the selection of evaluating index.