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As one of the standard electrophysiological signals in the human body, the photoplethysmography contains detailed information about the blood microcirculation and has been commonly used in various medical scenarios, where the accurate detection of the pulse waveform and quantification of its morphological characteristics are essential steps. In this paper, a modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis system is developed based on the principles of design patterns. The system designs each part of the preprocessing and analysis process as independent functional modules to be compatible and reusable. In addition, the detection process of the pulse waveform is improved, and a new waveform detection algorithm composed of screening-checking-deciding is proposed. It is verified that the algorithm has a practical design for each module, high accuracy of waveform recognition and high anti-interference capability. The modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis software system developed in this paper can meet the individual preprocessing requirements for various pulse wave application studies under different platforms. The proposed novel algorithm with high accuracy also provides a new idea for the pulse wave analysis process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Systems Analysis , Algorithms , Software , Heart Rate , MicrocirculationABSTRACT
BackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood. MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third Peoples Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings. ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0. ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of HIV infection/STD and related factors in Vietnamese female sex workers (FSWs).Methods Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in June 2014,December 2014,May 2015 and November 2015 in Hekou,a county bordering Vietnam in Yunnan province.Convenience sampling were adopted to select 1 058 Vietnamese FSWs aged ＞16 years.Questionnaire interview were used to collect the information about their demographics,sexual behaviors and drug use.Serum and urine samples were collected for HIV infection/STD detection and drug use test.Trend x2 test was applied for HIV infection/STD and drug use trend analysis.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors.Results The consecutive cross sectional surveys indicated that the prevalence of HIV infection in Vietnamese FSWs were 3.20％(7/219),2.04％(5/245),1.89％(5/265) and 1.82％(6/329) respectively;the HSV-2 positive rates were 57.08％(125/219),58.37％(143/245),38.11％(101/265) and 51.06％ (168/329) respectively.In addition,the prevalence of syphilis were 0.91％,1.51％,0.75％ and 1.22％ respectively.HSV-2 infection prevalence showed a downward trend (x2=4.823,P=0.028).By logistic regression analysis,the related factors for HIV infection in Vietnamese FSWs were being amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) positive (OR=10.18,95％ CI:4.33-23.92) and being HSV-2 positive (OR=2.89,95％CI:1.09-7.88);Age (OR=1.88,95％CI:1.32-2.61),no-paid sexual partner (OR=1.59,95％CI:1.26-2.01) and being ATS positive (OR=2.48,95％CI:1.10-5.57) were related factors for HSV-2 infection.Conclusions Compared with the results of previous studies,the HIV infection prevalence declined in Vietnamese FSWs,but the HSV-2 infection prevalence was still high.The association between ATS use and HIV infection/STD suggested the necessity of strengthening AIDS intervention in Vietnamese FSWs,including the control of new type drug and sexual transmission.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of HIV infection/STD and related factors in Vietnamese female sex workers (FSWs).Methods Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in June 2014,December 2014,May 2015 and November 2015 in Hekou,a county bordering Vietnam in Yunnan province.Convenience sampling were adopted to select 1 058 Vietnamese FSWs aged ＞16 years.Questionnaire interview were used to collect the information about their demographics,sexual behaviors and drug use.Serum and urine samples were collected for HIV infection/STD detection and drug use test.Trend x2 test was applied for HIV infection/STD and drug use trend analysis.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors.Results The consecutive cross sectional surveys indicated that the prevalence of HIV infection in Vietnamese FSWs were 3.20％(7/219),2.04％(5/245),1.89％(5/265) and 1.82％(6/329) respectively;the HSV-2 positive rates were 57.08％(125/219),58.37％(143/245),38.11％(101/265) and 51.06％ (168/329) respectively.In addition,the prevalence of syphilis were 0.91％,1.51％,0.75％ and 1.22％ respectively.HSV-2 infection prevalence showed a downward trend (x2=4.823,P=0.028).By logistic regression analysis,the related factors for HIV infection in Vietnamese FSWs were being amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) positive (OR=10.18,95％ CI:4.33-23.92) and being HSV-2 positive (OR=2.89,95％CI:1.09-7.88);Age (OR=1.88,95％CI:1.32-2.61),no-paid sexual partner (OR=1.59,95％CI:1.26-2.01) and being ATS positive (OR=2.48,95％CI:1.10-5.57) were related factors for HSV-2 infection.Conclusions Compared with the results of previous studies,the HIV infection prevalence declined in Vietnamese FSWs,but the HSV-2 infection prevalence was still high.The association between ATS use and HIV infection/STD suggested the necessity of strengthening AIDS intervention in Vietnamese FSWs,including the control of new type drug and sexual transmission.
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<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>></p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prevalence of high risk sex behaviors and HIV infection status among the female sex workers (FSWs) from Vietnam in Yunnan province during a 5 year intervention project and provide evidence for the improvement of the behavior intervention among this population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The survey was conducted annually among Vietnamese FSWs sampled in a county near China-Vietnam border to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, high risk sex behaviors and HIV test results through questionnaire and in-depth interview by bilingual outreach team. The behavior intervention included peer advise, training, lectures, interactive games, free condom distribution. The database was set up with Excel 2003 and the results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The condom use rates among the Vietnamese FSWs at commercial sex in last month were 1.5%, 36.0%, 67.7%, 86.5% and 90.3% (P<0.05) respectively; and the condom use rates at the latest sex were 89.5%,44.8%, 86.6%,92.5% and 99.0% respectively (P<0.05) . The HIV antibody positive rates were 7.5%, 3.6%, 5.9%, 4.0% and 3.1% respectively (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The condom use rate of Vietnamese FSWs at commercial sex increased by more than 90% after the 5 year intervention project. However, the HIV-infection rate was still high. It is necessary to promote condom use among FSWs from Vietnam and their regular sex partners and strengthen the health education among clients.</p>
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Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance state of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, so as to offer reasonable experimental data for clinical therapy. Methods A statistic analy- sis for the specimen souree, distribution of infected departments and drug resistance state to 441 iso- lates was conducted in a retrospective way. Results Among 441 strains, 357 (80. 95%) were isolated from sputum species. The department with the highest isolating rate was ICU (26.5%), followed by department of respiratory disease (20. 63 %), department of neurosurgery (19.05 %) and department of geriatrics (17. 01%). The most sensitive antibiotic was Meropenem, which total drug resistance rate was 13. 61%; the most insensitive antibiotic was ampicillin-sulbactam, which total drug resistance rate was 91.38%. The drug resistance rate of P. Aeruginosa was increasing year by year. Conclusion Clinical isolates of P. Aeruginosa mostly come from sputum samples and ICU, and they are highly and multidrug resistant to various antibiotics.
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A novel continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor was designed to decompose toluene by using porous nickel sheets that were coated with a Fe-doped TiO2 catalyst. While locating the UV lamp at the central axis, the catalyst sheets were located along the inner wall and positioned vertically with an equal space of 50 mm along the reactor. This geometry ensures better use of UV light, and a zigzag flow pattern of gas between the vertically located sheets provides for better mass transfer. The X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectra characterizations showed that Fe3+ ions were embedded effectively and distributed evenly throughout the TiO2 crystal lattice and an optimum molar ratio of Fe:Ti was 0.007. The reactor was used to investigate the factors that affect toluene degradation. The results showed that inlet toluene concentration, relative humidity and gas flow rate significantly affect toluene decomposition. The conversion decreases as inlet concentration increases. Degradation efficiencies of more than 95% can be achieved provided that the toluene concentration is kept below 3200 mg/m3. The conversion is affected little when oxygen content exceeds 21%. The optimal relative humidity is 25%. From the experimental data, a rate constant k of 131 mg/(m3.min) and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0175 m3/mg were obtained.