A pervasive phosphorylation cascade modulation of plant transcription factors in response to abiotic stress.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is a crucial step in establishing the mechanisms behind plant abiotic stress tolerance. A sensitive method of regulating transcription factors activity, stability, protein interaction, and subcellular localization is through phosphorylation. This review highlights a widespread regulation mechanism that involves phosphorylation of plant TFs in response to abiotic stress. Abiotic stress is one of the main components limiting crop yield and sustainability on a global scale. It greatly reduces the land area that is planted and lowers crop production globally. In all living organisms, transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. They participate in cell signaling, cell cycle, development, and plant stress response. Plant resilience to diverse abiotic stressors is largely influenced by TFs. Transcription factors modulate gene expression by binding to their target gene's cis-elements, which are impacted by genomic characteristics, DNA structure, and TF interconnections. In this review, we focus on the six major TFs implicated in abiotic stress tolerance, namely, DREB, bZIP, WRKY, ABF, MYB, and NAC, and the cruciality of phosphorylation of these transcription factors in abiotic stress signaling, as protein phosphorylation has emerged as one of the key post-translational modifications, playing a critical role in cell signaling, DNA amplification, gene expression and differentiation, and modification of other biological configurations. These TFs have been discovered after extensive study as stress-responsive transcription factors which may be major targets for crop development and important contributors to stress tolerance and crop production.

A Novel mechanisms of the signaling cascade associated with the SAPK10-bZIP20-NHX1 synergistic interaction to enhance tolerance of plant to abiotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The bzip transcription factors can modulate the transcriptional expressions of target genes by binding specifically to cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of stress-related genes, hence regulating plant stress resistance. Here, we investigated a stress-responsive transcription factor Osbzip20 under abiotic stresses. The OsbZIP20-GFP fusion protein predominantly aggregated in the nucleus, in accordance with our subcellular localization. OsbZIP20 transcript was observed in all vegetative tissues with highest levels being detected in the seed. Transcription of Osbzip20 was induced by salinity, exsiccation, and abscisic acid. Overexpression of OsbZIP20 in transgenic rice considerably improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses, as well as increased sensitivity to ABA. Furthermore, abiotic stress responsive genes transcript were found to be remarkably elevated in transgenic rice overexpressing OsbZIP20 than in wild-type plants. SAPK10 was discovered to directly interact with and phosphorylate OsbZIP20. Yeast one-hybrid and luciferase assay revealed that OsbZIP20 acted as a transcriptional stimulator. Interestingly, gel shift assay showed that phosphorylated bZIP20 augmented its DNA-binding affinity to the ABRE element of the NHX1 promoter and induced its transcription. In sum, our findings establish a novel signaling pathway associated with the SAPK10-bZIP20-NHX1 synergistic interaction, as well as a new strategy for enhancing rice drought and salt tolerance.

A novel SAPK10-WRKY87-ABF1 biological pathway synergistically enhance abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa).

WRKY transcription factors play a role in a variety of biological processes. Several studies have revealed that abiotic stress regulates the transcription of a large number of WRKY genes. In this study, we report the identification of a novel 'SAPK10-WRKY87-ABF1' biological pathway, through which they harmoniously enhance drought and salinity tolerance. We generated OsWRKY87-overexpressing transgenic rice and found that the transgenic seedlings exhibited significantly improved drought and salinity stress tolerance. Subcellular localization in rice seedling protoplast revealed that OsWRKY87-GFP fusion protein mostly accumulated in the nucleus, suggesting that OsWRKY87 is a nucleus-localized protein, in line with the predicted function of OsWRKY87 as a transcription factor. In vivo interaction between SAPK10 and WRKY87 was demonstrated by Yeast two-hybrid-assay. In addition, phosphorylation assays showed that SAPK10 exhibits autophosphorylation activity on the 177th serine, enabling it to phosphorylate WRKY87. OsWRKY87 functioned as a transcriptional initiator, according to a yeast one-hybrid assay and a luciferase assay. Remarkably, gel mobility shift assay showed that phosphorylated WRKY87 enhances its DNA-binding ability to the W-box cis-element of ABF1 promoter and activated its transcription, thereby elevating the ABF1 transcription and improving drought and salinity tolerance. Overall, our findings revealed a novel 'SAPK10- WRKY87-ABF1' module, which synergistically interacts to improve drought and salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa).

Psychological intervention on COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is novel coronavirus infection in 2019. Many reports suggested that psychological intervention is playing a positive role in COVID-19 treatment, but there is no high-quality evidence to prove its effects. This paper reports the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify effectiveness of psychological intervention during the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The following electronic databases will be used by 2 independent reviewers: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wan fang Database, ClinicalTrials, WHO Trials, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The randomised controlled trials of psychological intervention on COVID-19 will be searched in the databases by 2 researchers independently. Clinical recovery time and effective rate will be assessed as the primary outcomes. Changes of patients physical condition (1. Time until COVID-19 RT-PCR negative in upper respiratory tract specimen; 2. Time until cough reported as mild or absent; 3. Time until dyspnea reported as mild or absent; 4. Frequency of requiring supplemental oxygen or non-invasive ventilation; 5. Frequency of requiring respiratory; 6. Incidence of severe cases; 7. Proportion of re-hospitalization or admission to ICU; 8. All-cause mortality; 9. Frequency of seriously adverse events) and changes of psychological condition (such as: SRQ-20, PHQ-9, GAD-7, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale) will be assessed as the secondary outcomes. For dichotomous outcomes, such as effective rate, data will be expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For continuous outcomes, weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) will be calculated. Fixed effect model will be used for evaluating efficiency. Considering clinical heterogeneity, random effect model will be used for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Relevant studies will be used to evaluate whether psychological intervention is effective for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study will provide reliable evidence for psychological intervention on COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020178699.

Experiences of Prof.SUN Zhiguang on the Treatment of Overlap Syndrome in Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Harmonizing Liver and Spleen and Regulating Qi / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To sum up professor SUN Zhiguang's experiences in the treatment of overlap syndrome in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome.[Method] Expound the academic perspective and clinical experience of Professor SUN Zhiguang in the treatment of this overlap syndrome from the etiology and pathogenesis,therapeutic principle and method,differential diagnosis and treatment,administer medical herbs and prescription,and one case.[Result] Professor SUN considers that exogenous and internal injuries are causes of GERD overlapping IBS,leading to spleen deficientcy and the liver depression.He points out that "incoordination between liver and spleen,disturbance of qi" is the basic pathogenesis of this disease.According to holistic concept,it should be treated by the principle of harmonizing liver and spleen,regulating qi,simultaneously treating stomach and bowl.It is divided into two types,depressing qi is important in the constipation-predominant,and regulating heat and cold is significant in the diarrheapredominant.[Conclusion] Professor SUN specializes in the treatment of the GERD overlapping IBS.This clinical experience has clinical significance.

Effects and mechanism of quercetin on electric current of Nav1.8 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons / 中国药科大学学报

@#To study the effects of quercetin(Que)on the electric current of Nav1. 8(INav1. 8)in rat dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons, dose-effect relationship of Que on INav1. 8 and the activation and inactivation properties of voltage-dependent Nav1. 8 influenced by Que were studied by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in fresh isolated rat DRG neurons. It was found that diffeent concerntrations of Que(10, 30, 100 μmol/L)could inhibit INav1. 8 peak value of DRG neurons in concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of peak currents were(15. 32±3. 43)%, (22. 92±8. 24)% and(47. 29±11. 42)% respectively, the IC50 was 121. 38 μmol/L and the Hill coefficient was 0. 76. In the existence of Que(100 μmol/L), the activation curve of Nav1. 8 channel in DRG was slightly shifted to depolarizing direction for 0. 83 mV, and the inactivation curve was shifted to hyperpolarizing direction for 1. 86 mV. Compared with the stage before intervention, the half-activation voltage(V1/2=-40. 23±0. 25 mV)was significantly different(P< 0. 01). In conclusion, Que inhibits the Nav1. 8 channel activity in dose and voltage-dependent manner, which may count for the reduction of algesthesia transmission and the alleviation of chronic visceral pain.

The application of three-dimensional cell culture technology in the field of cancer research / 中国药理学通报

Traditional 2D cell culture technology is widely used in cell culture field, but it lacks the formation of 3D matrix scaffold and lacks specific cytokines in vivo.Cells in 3D cell culture system are similar to cells in vivo for gene expression and cell activity. The article focuses on the application of three-dimensional cell culture technology in cancer research, including the construction of tumor microenvironment,tumor biological behavior, tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance and so on and provides a reference for cancer research workers.

Influence of Endoscopic and Open Thyroidectomies on Immune Function / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To compare the influence of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach and traditional thyroidectomy on the immune function.Methods Fifty cases undergoing partial thyroidectomy were divided into endoscopy and open thyroidectomy groups(25 cases in each).Blood samples were obtained at 1 day before the surgery and 1,2,and 3 days postoperation to count the CD3,CD+4 and CD+8 T lymphocytes using flow cytometry,and determine the concentration of immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,and IgM),CRP,and complements(C3 and C4)with immunonephelometry.Results In both the groups,the concentrations of CD3,CD+8 T lymphocytes,and complement C4 decreased significantly at 24 hours after the surgery(P0.05).Conclusions Both endoscopic and traditional thyroidectomy could depress the immune function,however no significant difference exists between the two methods in the level of depression.

Effect of Jinyingzi (Rosa laevigata) Aqueous Extract on Urinary System / 中草药

Jinyingzi is the dry ripe fruit of Rosa leav gata Michx.. It contains mainly tannic acid, malic acid, citric acid, vitamin C and saponins. Its effect on urinary sy stem was studied on mouse Pollakiuria model by severing hypogastric nerve. Results showed that the water extract of R. laevigata can decrease the frequency and prolong the interval of urination and increase the quantity of eacn urination. The said extract can inhibit the automatic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunal smooth muscle and antagonize the spasmodic contraction arouscd by acetylcholine and barium chloride of isolated rabbit jejunal smoothmusele, and isolated vesical smooth muscle of mouse, and antagonize reaction of contractility aroused by noradrenalin on isolated thoracic aorta strips of rabbit. All of the the three inhibitions of smooth muscle contraction showed signicant dose-response curve.

Effect of procyanidins on carcinogen-induced DNA damage and topoisomerase / 中国药理学通报

AIM To observed the effect of procyanidins on DNA damage induced by carcinogen or hydroxyl radical (OH?),and inhibitory effect on topoisomerase. METHODS Using labeled TdR uptake assay and single cell gel electrophonesis. Topoisomerase was extracted from B16F10 cell lines, used agarose gel electrophoresis assay. RESULTS It was showed that hydroxyl radical (OH?) or different doses of MNNG can induce severe DNA damage of L 929 cell lines. Procyanidins can alleviate the damage induced by MNNG or OH?. It shows certain dose dependent effect relationship . But there is no significant inhibitory against Topo Ⅱ activity by procyanidins even at a dose of 50 ?mol?L -1 . CONCLUSION Procyanidins from grapes seeds can protect DNA damage,but not inhibit topoisomerase activity. This is one of cancer chemoprevention mechanism of Procyanidins.

Effect of procyanidins on the release of H_2O_2 induced by croton oil and on lipid peroxidation / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the anti oxidation and cancer chemoprevention mechanism of procyanidins extracted from Vitis vinifera. METHODS A simple colorimetric method is used for the measurement of H 2O 2 produced by PMNs induced by croton oil. RESULTS It was shown that procyanidins could inhibit PMNs releasing H 2O 2 induced by croton oil. Procyanidins serum of rats also had the same effect. The effect was time and dose dependent. Inhibitory effect of procyanidins on hepatic mitochondria lipid peroxidation induced by croton oil was also observed. Procyanidins could raise the activity of SOD and decrease the level of MDA. CONCLUSION It was concluded that anti oxidation effect of procyanidins was one important mechanism of cancer chemoprevention.