Application of biodegradable colorimetric films based on purple tomatoes anthocyanins loaded chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol in pork meat.

A series of biodegradable colorimetric films were prepared by using chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol as matrix, in which, the weight ratio of chitosan: Polyvinyl alcohol was 100: 0, 80: 20, 50: 50, 20: 80, or 0: 100, with addition of 10% (w/w, relative to chitosan) anthocyanins extracted from purple tomatoes (purple tomatoes anthocyanin) as pigment. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of weight ratio (chitosan: Polyvinyl alcohol) on the mechanical properties, contact angle, swelling rate, pH sensitivity, antioxidant properties of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol/purple tomatoes anthocyanins films, and the antibacterial activity of films produced for pork packaging. In addition, the films as a smart colorimetric indicator for monitoring the freshness of pork was investigated. The results showed that as the ratio of chitosan to polyvinyl alcohol decreases, the elongation at break, hydrophilicity, and swelling rate of the films increased especially from 16.5% to 174.2% for elongation at break and 93.0° to 53.8° for water contact angle, however, the tensile strength decreased from 67.3 to 24.7 MPa. With decreasing of chitosan: Polyvinyl alcohol, the antibacterial activity on pork was decreased, and the antioxidant properties of films increased first then decreased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated there were interactions among chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and purple tomatoes anthocyanins. The color response of films was depended on pH, as well as the immersion time. The longer immersion resulted in a more pronounced color change. The color changed from purplish red (pH 2-4) to green (pH 5-10) to yellow (pH 10-12). In monitoring the freshness of pork, the film showed a nice visual color change, indicating a potential application in smart packaging. These bio-based materials may be useful alternatives to synthetic plastics for food applications such as active and smart packaging, thereby improving the environmental friendliness and sustainability of the food supply.

Individualized Concurrent Chemotherapy for Patients with Stage III-IVa Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with Definitive Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#This retrospective study aimed to re-evaluate the effect of concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 498 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or IMRT were retrospectively reviewed. The distribution of baseline characteristics was balanced using propensity score matching. Additionally, the results of NCT+IMRT and NCT+CCRT were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and differences in survival rates were analyzed using the log rank test. @*Results@#There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and local progression-free survival (LRFS) between the two groups. Patients were further categorized into risk subgroups based on pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA cutoff values using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in OS, PFS, DMFS, and LRFS between patients who received NCT+CCRT and NCT+IMRT in the high-risk group. In the low-risk group, although there were no differences between NCT+CCRT and NCT+IMRT in OS, PFS, and LRFS, patients who received NCT+CCRT had better DMFS than those who received NCT+IMRT. @*Conclusion@#Pretreatment EBV DNA level can be used to individualize concurrent chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced NPC. Patients with low pretreatment EBV DNA levels may benefit from concurrent chemotherapy, whereas those with high levels may not. Other treatment modalities need to be explored for high-risk patients to improve their prognosis.

Technical guideline for school sanitary and anti epidemic measures after flood disasters / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Flood disasters are the common public health emergencies, mainly leading to environmental damage, water pollution, food pollution, vector breeding, infectious disease epidemic and other risk factors of sanitary and anti epidemic work. The guideline has been formulated with reference to the technical documents such as Guideline for Environmental Sanitation Disposal and Preventive Disinfection in Flooded Areas and Technical Proposal for Sanitary and Anti epidemic Measures after Flood Disasters, as well as the latest research progress at home and abroad. In order to guide the sanitary and anti epidemic measures in flooded areas, protect the health and safety of students and teachers and ensure the normal educational and teaching order, the guideline introduces the key measures that should be taken by schools, teachers and students in flood striken areas.

Research on the knowledge push system based on business scenarios in the residency training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, there are still some problems in the standardized residency training. Some standardized training bases often regard the resident trainees as ordinary practitioners, and devote their time and energy to the daily medical procedural work without giving enough training and teaching, ignoring the basic skills training of resident trainees. Therefore, this study constructed an active knowledge push system based on business scenarios. The system mainly includes three parts: sensitive operation identification layer, knowledge index layer and resource push layer in order to cultivate the norms of diagnosis and treatment of standardized training students and reasonably solve the problem of inconvenient resource acquisition in clinical work. Through the preliminary application, it was found that the system has effectively improved the mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) score of the trainees and achieved good results.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants evolved to extend antibody evasion

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have surged dramatically to become dominant in the United States and South Africa, respectively1,2. These novel subvariants carrying additional mutations in their spike proteins raise concerns that they may further evade neutralizing antibodies, thereby further compromising the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. We now report findings from a systematic antigenic analysis of these surging Omicron subvariants. BA.2.12.1 is only modestly (1.8-fold) more resistant to sera from vaccinated and boosted individuals than BA.2. However, BA.4/5 is substantially (4.2-fold) more resistant and thus more likely to lead to vaccine breakthrough infections. Mutation at spike residue L452 found in both BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 facilitates escape from some antibodies directed to the so-called class 2 and 3 regions of the receptor-binding domain3. The F486V mutation found in BA.4/5 facilitates escape from certain class 1 and 2 antibodies but compromises the spike affinity for the viral receptor. The R493Q reversion mutation, however, restores receptor affinity and consequently the fitness of BA.4/5. Among therapeutic antibodies authorized for clinical use, only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5. The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, successively yielding subvariants that are not only more transmissible but also more evasive to antibodies.

Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-BA.2

BackgroundThe ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infections in Hong Kong, the model city of universal masking of the world, has resulted in a major public health crisis. Although the third vaccination resulted in strong boosting of neutralization antibody, vaccine efficacy and corelates of immune protection against the major circulating Omicron BA.2 remains to be investigated. MethodsWe investigated the vaccine efficacy against the Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection among 470 public servants who had received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens including two-dose BNT162b2 (2xBNT, n=169), three-dose BNT162b2 (3xBNT, n=170), two-dose CoronaVac (2xCorV, n=34), three-dose CoronaVac (3xCorV, n=67) and third-dose BNT162b2 following 2xCorV (2xCorV+1BNT, n=32). Humoral and cellular immune responses after three-dose vaccination were further characterized and correlated with clinical characteristics of BA.2 infection. FindingsDuring the BA.2 outbreak, 27.7% vaccinees were infected. The timely third-dose vaccination provided significant protection with lower incidence rates of breakthrough infections (2xBNT 49.2% vs 3xBNT 13.1%, p <0.0001; 2xCorV 44.1% vs 3xCoV 19.4%, p=0.003). Investigation of immune response on blood samples derived from 92 subjects in three-dose vaccination cohorts collected before the BA.2 outbreak revealed that the third-dose vaccination activated spike (S)-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses, which correlated with reduced frequencies of breakthrough infections and disease severity rather than with types of vaccines. Moreover, the frequency of S-specific activated memory B cells was significantly lower in infected vaccinees than uninfected vaccinees before vaccine-breakthrough infection whereas IFN-{gamma}+ CD4 T cells were negatively associated with age and viral clearance time. Critically, BA.2 breakthrough infection boosted cross-reactive memory B cells with enhanced cross-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron sublineages, including BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, in all vaccinees tested. InterpretationOur results imply that the timely third vaccination and immune responses are likely required for vaccine-mediated protection against Omicron BA.2 pandemic. Although BA.2 conferred the highest neutralization resistance compared with variants of concern tested before the emergence of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, the third dose vaccination-activated S-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses contributed to reduced frequencies of breakthrough infection and disease severity. Neutralizing antibody potency enhanced by BA. 2 breakthrough infection with previous 3 doses of vaccines (CoronaVac or BNT162b2) may reduce the risk for infection of ongoing BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5. FundingHong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund, Health and Medical Research Fund, Wellcome Trust, Shenzhen Science and Technology Program, the Health@InnoHK, Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong, China, National Program on Key Research Project, Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory, donations from the Friends of Hope Education Fund and the Hong Kong Theme-Based Research Scheme.

Spike mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: more likely to occur in the epitopes

Almost two years since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in 2019, and it is still pandemic over the world. SARS-COV-2 continuing to mutate and evolve, which further exacerbated the spread of the epidemic. Omicron variant, as an emerging mutation recently in South Africa, spreaded fastly to other countries worldwide. However, the gene charicterstic of Omicron and the effect on epitopes are still unclear. In this study, we retrieved 800 SARS-CoV-2 full-length sequences from GISAID database on 14 December 2021 (Alpha 110, Beta 101, Gamma 108, Delta 110, Omicron 107, Lambda 98, Mu 101, GH/490R 65). Overall, 1320 amino acid (AA) sites were mutated in these 800 SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Covariant network analysis showed that the covariant network of Omicron variant was significantly different from other variants. Further, 218 of the 1320 AA sites were occurred in the S gene, including 78 high-frequency mutations (>90%). Notably, we identified 25 unique AA mutations in Omicron, which may affect the transmission and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we analyzed the effect of Omicron on epitope peptide. As expected, 64.1% mutations (25/39) of Omicron variants were in epitopes, which was significantly higher than in other variants. These mutations may cause a poor response to vaccines to Omicron variants. In conclusion, Omicron variants, as an emerging mutation, should be alerted for us due that it may lead to poor vaccine response, and more data is needed to evaluate the virulence and vaccines responses to this variants.

An elite broadly neutralizing antibody protects SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant challenge

The strikingly high transmissibility and antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant have posted great challenges on the efficacy of current vaccines and antibody immunotherapy.Here, we screened 34 BNT162b2-vaccinees and cloned a public broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) ZCB11 from an elite vaccinee. ZCB11 neutralized all authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron and OmicronR346K with potent IC50 concentrations of 36.8 and 11.7 ng/mL, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that ZCB11 targeted viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) and competed strongly with ZB8, a known RBD-specific class II NAb. Pseudovirus-based mapping of 57 naturally occurred single mutations or deletions revealed that only S371L resulted in 11-fold neutralization resistance, but this phenotype was not observed in the Omicron variant. Furthermore,prophylactic ZCB11 administration protected lung infection against both the circulating pandemic Delta and Omicron variants in golden Syrian hamsters. These results demonstrated that vaccine-induced ZCB11 is a promising bNAb for immunotherapy against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.

Vaccine-breakthrough infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant elicits broadly cross-reactive immune responses

Highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has posted a new crisis for COVID-19 pandemic control. Within a month, Omicron is dominating over Delta variant in several countries probably due to immune evasion. It remains unclear whether vaccine-induced memory responses can be recalled by Omicron infection. Here, we investigated host immune responses in the first vaccine-breakthrough case of Omicron infection in Hong Kong. We found that the breakthrough infection rapidly recruited potent cross-reactive broad neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against current VOCs, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron, from unmeasurable IC50 values to mean 1:2929 at around 9-12 days, which were higher than the mean peak IC50 values of BioNTech-vaccinees. Cross-reactive spike- and nucleocapsid-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were detected. Similar results were also obtained in the second vaccine-breakthrough case of Omicron infection. Our preliminary findings may have timely implications to booster vaccine optimization and preventive strategies of pandemic control.

Waning immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 among vaccinees in Hong Kong

BackgroundNearly 4 billion doses of the BioNTech-mRNA and Sinovac-inactivated vaccines have been administrated globally, yet different vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) remain incompletely investigated. MethodsWe compare the immunogenicity and durability of these two vaccines among fully vaccinated Hong Kong people. FindingsStandard BioNTech and Sinovac vaccinations were tolerated and induced neutralizing antibody (NAb) (100% and 85.7%) and spike-specific CD4 T cell responses (96.7% and 82.1%), respectively. The geometric mean NAb IC50 and median frequencies of reactive CD4 subsets were consistently lower among Sinovac-vaccinees than BioNTech-vaccinees. Against VOCs, NAb response rate and geometric mean IC50 against B1.351 and B.1.617.2 were significantly lower for Sinovac (14.3%, 15 and 50%, 23.2) than BioNTech (79.4%, 107 and 94.1%, 131). Three months after vaccinations, NAbs to VOCs dropped near to detection limit, along with waning memory T cell responses, mainly among Sinovac-vaccinees. InterpretationOur results indicate that Sinovac-vaccinees may face higher risk to pandemic VOCs breakthrough infection. FundingThis study was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund (C7156-20GF to Z.C and C1134-20GF); the National Program on Key Research Project of China (Grant 2020YFC0860600, 2020YFA0707500 and 2020YFA0707504); Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JSGG20200225151410198 and JCYJ20210324131610027); HKU Development Fund and LKS Faculty of Medicine Matching Fund to AIDS Institute; Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund, Innovation and Technology Commission and generous donation from the Friends of Hope Education Fund. Z.C.s team was also partly supported by the Theme-Based Research Scheme (T11-706/18-N).

Isolation and comparative analysis of antibodies that broadly neutralize sarbecoviruses

The devastation caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made clear the importance of pandemic preparedness. To address future zoonotic outbreaks due to related viruses in the sarbecovirus subgenus, we identified a human monoclonal antibody, 10-40, that neutralized or bound all sarbecoviruses tested in vitro and protected against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vivo. Comparative studies with other receptor-binding domain (RBD)-directed antibodies showed 10-40 to have the greatest breadth against sarbecoviruses and thus its promise as an agent for pandemic preparedness. Moreover, structural analyses on 10-40 and similar antibodies not only defined an epitope cluster in the inner face of the RBD that is well conserved among sarbecoviruses, but also uncovered a new antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif. Our analyses also suggested that elicitation of this class of antibodies may not be overly difficult, an observation that bodes well for the development of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine. One sentence summaryA monoclonal antibody that neutralizes or binds all sarbecoviruses tested and represents a reproducible antibody class.

Nasal prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by intranasal influenza-based boost vaccination

BackgroundVaccines in emergency use are efficacious against COVID-19, yet vaccine-induced prevention against nasal SARS-CoV-2 infection remains suboptimal. MethodsSince mucosal immunity is critical for nasal prevention, we investigated an intramuscular PD1-based receptor-binding domain (RBD) DNA vaccine (PD1-RBD-DNA) and intranasal live attenuated influenza-based vaccines (LAIV-CA4-RBD and LAIV-HK68-RBD) against SARS-CoV-2. FindingsSubstantially higher systemic and mucosal immune responses, including bronchoalveolar lavage IgA/IgG and lung polyfunctional memory CD8 T cells, were induced by the heterologous PD1-RBD-DNA/LAIV-HK68-RBD as compared with other regimens. When vaccinated animals were challenged at the memory phase, prevention of robust SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal turbinate was achieved primarily by the heterologous regimen besides consistent protection in lungs. The regimen-induced antibodies cross-neutralized variants of concerns. Furthermore, LAIV-CA4-RBD could boost the BioNTech vaccine for improved mucosal immunity. InterpretationOur results demonstrated that intranasal influenza-based boost vaccination is required for inducing mucosal and systemic immunity for effective SARS-CoV-2 prevention in both upper and lower respiratory systems. FundingThis study was supported by the Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund (C7156-20G, C1134-20G and C5110-20G), General Research Fund (17107019) and Health and Medical Research Fund (19181052 and 19181012) in Hong Kong; Outbreak Response to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JSGG20200225151410198); the Health@InnoHK, Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong; and National Program on Key Research Project of China (2020YFC0860600, 2020YFA0707500 and 2020YFA0707504); and donations from the Friends of Hope Education Fund. Z.C.s team was also partly supported by the Theme-Based Research Scheme (T11-706/18-N).

A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV, and other sarbecoviruses

The repeated emergence of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses as well as their evolving variants highlight the need to develop potent and broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. By screening monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from COVID-19-convalescent patients, we found one mAb, 2-36, with cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV. We solved the cryo-EM structure of 2-36 in complex with SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV spike, revealing a highly conserved epitope in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Antibody 2-36 neutralized not only all current circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-COV, but also a panel of bat and pangolin sarbecoviruses that can use human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor. We selected 2-36-escape viruses in vitro and confirmed that K378T in SARS-CoV-2 RBD led to viral resistance. Taken together, 2-36 represents a strategic reserve drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of possible diseases caused by pre-emergent SARS-related coronaviruses. Its epitope defines a promising target for the development of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine.

SARS-CoV-2 hijacks neutralizing dimeric IgA for enhanced nasal infection and injury

Robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in nasal turbinate (NT) accounts for high viral transmissibility, yet whether neutralizing IgA antibodies can control it remains unknown. Here, we evaluated receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monomeric B8-mIgA1 and B8-mIgA2, and dimeric B8-dIgA1 and B8-dIgA2 against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters. These antibodies exhibited comparably potent neutralization against authentic virus by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for RBD binding. While reducing viruses in lungs, pre-exposure intranasal B8-dIgA1 or B8-dIgA2 led to 81-fold more infectious viruses and severer damage in NT than placebo. Virus-bound B8-dIgA1 and B8-dIgA2 could engage CD209 as an alternative receptor for entry into ACE2-negative cells and allowed viral cell-to-cell transmission. Cryo-EM revealed B8 as a class II neutralizing antibody binding trimeric RBDs in 3-up or 2-up/1-down conformation. Therefore, RBD-specific neutralizing dIgA engages an unexpected action for enhanced SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection and injury in Syrian hamsters.

Potent Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Multiple Epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic rages on with devasting consequences on human lives and the global economy1,2. The discovery and development of virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies could be one approach to treat or prevent infection by this novel coronavirus. Here we report the isolation of 61 SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from 5 infected patients hospitalized with severe disease. Among these are 19 antibodies that potently neutralized the authentic SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, 9 of which exhibited exquisite potency, with 50% virus-inhibitory concentrations of 0.7 to 9 ng/mL. Epitope mapping showed this collection of 19 antibodies to be about equally divided between those directed to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and those to the N-terminal domain (NTD), indicating that both of these regions at the top of the viral spike are immunogenic. In addition, two other powerful neutralizing antibodies recognized quaternary epitopes that are overlapping with the domains at the top of the spike. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of one antibody targeting RBD, a second targeting NTD, and a third bridging two separate RBDs revealed recognition of the closed, "all RBD-down" conformation of the spike. Several of these monoclonal antibodies are promising candidates for clinical development as potential therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2.

Potential epitopes and mutation characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To predict the epitopes of the spike protein of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to analyze the mutation characteristics of this protein.Methods:The gene sequences of 2019-nCoV was downloaded from GenBank and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database (as of March 4, 2020). ClustalW, MEGA 7.0, Immune Epitope Database and other software were used for predicting potential B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte epitopes of spike protein, and then mutations were compared in epitope and non-epitope regions. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square test.Results:There were 130 potential epitopes, including 25 linear B lymphocyte epitopes, 18 non-linear B lymphocyte epitopes, 71 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-Ⅰ restricted T lymphocyte epitopes, and 16 HLA class-Ⅱ restricted T lymphocyte epitopes in spike protein. S 404-426displayed the higher antigenicity-score, and its population coverage was 73.4% in China. Compared with the spike protein before January 31, the mutation frequencies of spike protein were increased both in non-epitope (15.4% vs 21.7%) and epitope regions (6.2% vs 8.7%) after January 31, but the differences were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). Conclusions:The study identifies several epitopes of 2019-nCoV spike protein, which provides a preliminary basis for the study of 2019-nCoV vaccine. Mutations in spike protein have an increasing trend which needs more attention and research in the future.

Clinical applicaton of three-dimensional visualization technology in hepatectomy of complex hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in liver resection of complicated liver cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis of 28 patients with complicated liver cancer treated from June 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.There were 26 males and 2 females,aged (46± 10) years old.A treatment plan on how to perform liver resection for these patients was developed under the guidance of 3D visualization technology.The actual surgical procedures,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative complications were documented.The virtual resected liver volume was compared with the actual resected liver volume.The virtual surgical resection margin was also compared with the actual surgical resection margin.Results All the 28 patients with complicated liver cancer completed the 3D visualization analysis with the location,shape and quantity of tumor being clearly shown.Of the 27patients who underwent liver resection,13 underwent anatomical hepatectomy,and 14 underwent nonanatomical hepatectomy.The operation time ranged from 145 to 350 min (median 240 min).The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 100 to 1 500 ml (median 300 ml).The incisional wound healed slowly in 4 patients,pleural effusion developed in 8 patients,and ascites in 2 patients.There were no significant differences in the virtual resected liver volume compared with the actual resected liver volume (P ＞ 0.05).There was an excellent positive correlation between the patient's virtual resected liver volume and the actual resected liver volume (r =0.986,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the virtual surgical resection margin and the actual surgical resection margin (P ＞ 0.05).There was an excellent positive correlation between virtual surgical resection margin and the actual surgical resection margin (r =0.983,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional visualization technology accurately assessed the liver status,optimized surgical procedures,and played an important role in liver resection of complex liver cancer.

Pyramiding of 3-resistant-gene to improve rice blast resistance of a restorer line, Fuhui 673 / 生物工程学报

To improve the blast resistance of elite rice restorer line Fuhui 673, 3 blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-9 and Pi-kh were introduced into Fuhui 673 from a good-quality restorer line Jinhui 1059 through 3 successive backcrosses followed by one selfing using the technique of marker-assisted selection. Ten near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Fuhui 673 carrying the 3 introduced resistance genes were created. Genotype analysis using 68 SSR markers evenly distributed in the genome indicated that 92.96%-98.59% of the NILs' genetic background had been recovered to Fuhui 673. Both indoor and field resistance tests indicated that the NILs and their hybrids with sterile line Yixiang A were all resistant to rice blast, with resistance levels significantly higher than those of controls Fuhui 673 and hybrid Yiyou 673 (Yixiang A  Fuhui 673). In addition, among the 10 hybrids between the NILs and Yixiang A, 2 showed significantly higher yield than and 4 displayed similar yield to that of control Yiyou 673, suggesting that most of the NILs retained the elite characteristics of Fuhui 673. Two new hybrid rice cultivars Liangyou 7283 and Jintaiyou 683 from NIL Line 9 showed high yield, good resistance to blast and moderate growth period in regional trial, suggesting that the NIL Line 9 has a good prospect for application.

Clinical applicaton of three-dimensional visualization technology in hepatectomy of complex hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective@#To study the clinical application of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in liver resection of complicated liver cancer.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 28 patients with complicated liver cancer treated from June 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. There were 26 males and 2 females, aged (46±10) years old. A treatment plan on how to perform liver resection for these patients was developed under the guidance of 3D visualization technology. The actual surgical procedures, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were documented. The virtual resected liver volume was compared with the actual resected liver volume. The virtual surgical resection margin was also compared with the actual surgical resection margin.@*Results@#All the 28 patients with complicated liver cancer completed the 3D visualization analysis with the location, shape and quantity of tumor being clearly shown. Of the 27 patients who underwent liver resection, 13 underwent anatomical hepatectomy, and 14 underwent non-anatomical hepatectomy. The operation time ranged from 145 to 350 min (median 240 min). The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 100 to 1 500 ml (median 300 ml). The incisional wound healed slowly in 4 patients, pleural effusion developed in 8 patients, and ascites in 2 patients. There were no significant differences in the virtual resected liver volume compared with the actual resected liver volume (P>0.05). There was an excellent positive correlation between the patient's virtual resected liver volume and the actual resected liver volume (r=0.986, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the virtual surgical resection margin and the actual surgical resection margin (P>0.05). There was an excellent positive correlation between virtual surgical resection margin and the actual surgical resection margin (r=0.983, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Three-dimensional visualization technology accurately assessed the liver status, optimized surgical procedures, and played an important role in liver resection of complex liver cancer.

A Case of Pseudoprogression During Atezolizumab Therapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are two classes of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC represents approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIPs) are a class of inhibitors of programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1. Preclinical studies have shown that ICIPs have shown good clinical efficacy and durable response in diverse cancers. Among them, atezolizumab (MPDL3280), an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, is being investigated as a potential therapy against solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in humans. Pseudoprogression is reported as one of the unique phenomena with immune therapeutic agents. Here we report case of a person with advanced NSCLC who developed pseudoprogression after receiving immunotherapy. We hope this case could help clinicians to make appropriate decision when assessing therapeutic effects of immunotherapy.
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