ABSTRACT
In order to address the challenges of inefficiency and insufficient accuracy in the manual identification of young citrus fruits during thinning processes, this study proposes a detection methodology using the you only look once for complex backgrounds of young citrus fruits (YCCB-YOLO) approach. The method first constructs a dataset containing images of young citrus fruits in a real orchard environment. To improve the detection accuracy while maintaining the computational efficiency, the study reconstructs the detection head and backbone network using pointwise convolution (PWonv) lightweight network, which reduces the complexity of the model without affecting the performance. In addition, the ability of the model to accurately detect young citrus fruits in complex backgrounds is enhanced by integrating the fusion attention mechanism. Meanwhile, the simplified spatial pyramid pooling fast-large kernel separated attention (SimSPPF-LSKA) feature pyramid was introduced to further enhance the multi-feature extraction capability of the model. Finally, the Adam optimization function was used to strengthen the nonlinear representation and feature extraction ability of the model. The experimental results show that the model achieves 91.79% precision (P), 92.75% recall (R), and 97.32% mean average precision (mAP)on the test set, which were improved by 1.33%, 2.24%, and 1.73%, respectively, compared with the original model, and the size of the model is only 5.4 MB. This study could meet the performance requirements for citrus fruit identification, which provides technical support for fruit thinning.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics and prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) after intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) for cancer patients with bone metastases.@*Methods@#The clinical data and radiographic findings of 6 primary breast cancer patients with bone metastases diagnosed as MRONJ from January 2014 to April 2018 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#All 6 patients were female, with the median age of 65.5 years old. All patients had no history of systemic application of hormone therapy, no history of diabetes, no history of radiation therapy, no history of metastasis of the jaw, and no history of infection. The average usage time of BP was 28 months. MRONJ occurred in 2 cases on maxilla and 4 cases on mandible. There were 2 patients with tooth extractions history in BP treatment. Clinical symptoms included maxillofacial pain, loosened teeth, fistula suppuration, and exposed sequestrum. Radiographic findings included osteolysis and bone sclerosis or the mixed manifestation of both, with or without periosteal reaction. In addition, nonhealing tooth sockets and sequestrum separation imaging were also included.@*Conclusions@#Tooth extraction is considered as an increased risk for MRONJ in patients with malignant bone metastases after BP therapy. MRONJ is more likely to appear in the mandible, but it can also appear in the maxilla. Early screening and initiation of appropriate dental care are necessary for the patients before using BP therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics and prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) after intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) for cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods The clinical data and radiographic findings of 6 primary breast cancer patients with bone metastases diagnosed as MRONJ from January 2014 to April 2018 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results All 6 patients were female, with the median age of 65.5 years old. All patients had no history of systemic application of hormone therapy, no history of diabetes, no history of radiation therapy, no history of metastasis of the jaw, and no history of infection. The average usage time of BP was 28 months. MRONJ occurred in 2 cases on maxilla and 4 cases on mandible. There were 2 patients with tooth extractions history in BP treatment. Clinical symptoms included maxillofacial pain, loosened teeth, fistula suppuration, and exposed sequestrum. Radiographic findings included osteolysis and bone sclerosis or the mixed manifestation of both, with or without periosteal reaction. In addition, nonhealing tooth sockets and sequestrum separation imaging were also included. Conclusions Tooth extraction is considered as an increased risk for MRONJ in patients with malignant bone metastases after BP therapy. MRONJ is more likely to appear in the mandible, but it can also appear in the maxilla. Early screening and initiation of appropriate dental care are necessary for the patients before using BP therapy.
