Prospective analysis of laboratory blood parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia.

The study of the characteristics and dynamics of laboratory biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) undergoing COVID-19-associated pneumonia may be of great clinical importance. The study included 116 patients who underwent COVID-19-associated pneumonia. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included 49 patients without CVD, the second group - 67 patients with CVD. A blood sample was performed in all patients at the time of hospitalization and 3 months after discharge from the hospital. The parameters of general blood count, biochemistry, hemostasis, and biomarkers of inflammation were assessed - concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), homocysteine and IL-6. All patients initially underwent computed tomography of the chest organs. We found that ESR, WBC (leukocytes), NLR (neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio), fibrinogen, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), LYM/CRP ratio (lymphocytes/CRP) were parameters that significantly distinguished patients in the 1st and 2nd groups. Three months after discharge from the hospital in patients of both groups the increased indicators approached the reference values, however, some parameters such as CRP, ESR, WBC, fibrinogen remained at a higher level in group 2 compared to group 1. Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between parameters of inflammation and hemostasis in the 2nd group of patients, which confirms the presence of latent vascular inflammatory potential in this group. It was revealed that such indicators as lymphocytes, neutrophils, APTT and LDH were associated with the initial volume of lung lesion more than 50%. Increase of these parameters by 1 unit contributes to increase in the volume of lung tissue damage by 6.5%, 6.4%, 11%, and 0.6%, respectively. Thus, dynamic control of laboratory parameters has prognostic value in assessing the nature of the course of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in patients with CVD and developing an algorithm for personalized monitoring of patients in the post-COVID period with the aim of timely correction of therapy to prevent unwanted vascular complications.

[Characteristics of lipid peroxidation and activity of sympathetic nervous system in patients with chronic calculous pyelonephritis].

108 patients (89 women and 19 men) aged from 18 to 59 years with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) on the background of urolithiasis in a phase of active inflammation were evaluated. Along with the standard methods of examination, survey plan included the use of specific biochemical diagnostic methods. The latter included an evaluation of lipid peroxidation, the level of fat-soluble antioxidant alpha-tocopherol, fractions of phospholipids and cholesterol in the membranes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). As a result of examination, The changes in the activity of lipid peroxidation and structure of the lipid phase of PMN membranes were identified. There was an increase in urinary excretion of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), which indirectly indicates an increase in the activity of sympathetic nervous system contributing to the progression of CP.

[Comparative effectiveness of fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams in the complex therapy of patients with chronic pyelonephritis].

A comparative study has evaluated the effect of fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams on clinical and biochemical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis (CPN). 108 patients aged from 18 to 59 years (mean age - 40.26 +/- 10.09 years) with secondary CPN against dysmetabolic nephropathy and nephrolithiasis in a phase of active inflammation were observed. The majority of patients were women - 89 (82.4%). CPN was diagnosed in accordance with the N.A. Lopatkin and V.E. Rodoman clinical classification (1974) based on results of complete clinical and laboratory, radiologic and ultrasound examinations. Special methods of investigation included determination of the activity of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and the structural parameters of the cell membrane ofpolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pain, dysuria, and intoxication syndrome were arrested in all patients after 14 days of therapy. The high efficacy was reported for patients treated with sparfloxacin. A similar trend was observed in the dynamics of intoxication syndrome regression. In addition, there was a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation products and an increase of alpha-tocopherol in the PMN membranes; the content of phospholipids significantly increased and cholesterol level declined during the treatment. The results showed that use of fluoroquinolones and the B-lactams in the treatment of patients with CPN against the nephrolithiasis leads to a significant relief of clinical symptoms of the disease, as well as to restoration the structural and functional state of PMN membranes. The most distinct and early clinical-laboratory effect was obtained against the background of use of fluoroquinolone sparfloxacin.

[Immunological indices in urolithiasis patients with secondary pyelonephritis].

The immunological status was studied in 335 patients with urolithiasis and pyelonephritis. The techniques used for assessment of the immunological status provided a multifactorial control over immune system function in inflammation and urolithiasis: registered a significant rise of the level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators of the immune response (IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, TNF), of neutrophil metabolic activity with parallel suppression of neutrophil phagocytic and absorbing functions, inhibition of bactericidal activity of the serum, a significant fall in the number of mature T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and T-helpers (CD4+). The immune status indices in urolithiasis patients with secondary pyelonephritis are closely linked with clinico-laboratory manifestations of the inflammatory process and renal function. Thus, the results of the study give grounds for developing indications for use of immunomodulating drugs in patients with secondary pyelonephritis associated with urolithiasis.

[Polyoxidonium in the treatment of calculous pyelonephritis].

Efficacy of polyoxidonium was studied in combined therapy of urolithiasis complicated with secondary pyelonephritis. Of 60 patients with secondary pyelonephritis in urolithiasis, 30 received adjuvant polyoxidonium. Phospholipids and cholesterol in cytomembranes were defined with thin-layer chromatography. Humoral immunity was evaluated by the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, hemolytic activity of the compliment system, the level of circulating immune complexes, activity of lysozyme. Concentrations of IL-1beta, TNF, IL-4, IL-6 were also estimated. Subpopulations of immunocompetent cells were tested on flow cytofluorimeter by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Phagocytic component of the immune system was assessed by phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic count, NBT test. The trial demonstrates that polyoxidonium has a positive action on the disease course, an antiinflammatory, immunomodulating properties, suppresses peroxidation, promotes recovery of structural-functional characteristics of cellular membranes in patients with urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis. Polyoxidonium is recommended in secondary pyelonephritis and urolithiasis as adjuvant to basic therapy for anti-inflammatory, detoxication and immunomodulating effect.

[Lipids content in renal tissue membranes in patients with urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis].

We studied cytomembranes of the interstitial tissue of renal medullary layer obtained by lifetime biopsy of renal tissue in the course of pyelolithotomy in 46 patients with urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis. Biopsy structure was controlled with histological methods using standard staining. Basic phospholipids and cholesterol fractions in renal tissue cytomembranes were assayed at thin layer chromatography. The findings show significant changes in a nephron cytomembrane lipid phase in patients with urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis. There was a structural rearrangement of lipid biolayer of renal tissue cell membranes in response to microbial inflammation. Thus, use of membrane-stabilising drugs are grounded in patients with secondary pyelonephritis and urolithiasis.

[Clinical and biochemical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis and their correction in population of the northen areas of the Tyumen Territory]. / Klinicheskie i biokhimicheskie proiavlenia khronicheskogo pielonefrita u zhitelei pripoliarnogo severa Tiumenskoi oblasti i metody ikh korrektsii.

AIM: To study clinicobiochemical features of chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) in the population of northen areas of the Tyumen Territory; to determine emoxipine effects on CPN treatment efficacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinicolaboratory manifestations of CPN were studied in 246 CPN patients (126 residents of the Tyumen South and 120 residents of the Tyumen North, age 18-55, 174 females, 72 males). The control group consisted of 60 healthy subjects of the same gender and age. RESULTS: CPN in patients living in the north was characterized by more severe intoxication, dysuric disorders, piuria, arterial hypertension, more intensive restructuring of cellular membranes. Membranopathological changes depend on the phase of the pathological process and clinical form of the disease. Emoxipin addition to combined therapy of CPN promoted faster correction of basic CPN symptoms and stabilization of the lipid phase of erythrocytic membranes. CONCLUSION: Clinical and biochemical features of CPN in patients living in the Tyumen North represent additional diagnostic criteria of the disease activity. Adjuvant use of the antioxidant drug emoxipin produces a noticeable clinicobiochemical effect.

[Relationship between immunogenic markers with metabolic processes in chronic pyelonephritis]. / Vzaimosviaz' immogeneticheskikh markerov s metabolicheskimi protsessami pri khronicheskom pielonefrite.

Such HLA phenotypes as A3B35 and A9B35 occur most frequently in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP). In these phenotypes there are most pronounced changes in the lipid phase of red cell membranes and renal tissue. The above changes of blood cell cytomembranes and renal tissue can be used as diagnostic criteria of inflammation activity in pyelonephritis while the HLA antigens are helpful for detection of CP risk groups.

[Membranous aspects of kidney transplantation and reasons of transplant antioxidant defense]. / Membranologicheskie aspekty peresadki pochki i obosnovanie antioksidantnoi zashchity transplantanta.

Special membranological studies of the role of antioxidant emoxipine in combined pharmacological support of stable function of the transplanted kidney in 30 patients have shown that this drug restores phospholipid pool of red cell membranes and improves their physical properties. No significant fluctuations of cyclosporin A blood concentrations were registered. Emoxipine addition to combined therapy of patients with transplanted kidney is recommended.

[Clinico-biochemical effectiveness of emoxpine in patients with bacterial bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-biokhimicheskaia éffektivnost' émoksipina u bol'nykh infektsionno-zavisimoi bronkhial'noi astmoi.

AIM: To determine effectiveness of a synthetic antioxidant drug emoxipine in combined treatment of bacterial bronchial asthma (BBA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 59 BBA patients were treated who had the disease for 1-14 years. The previous treatment consisted of bronchodilating, mucolytic and expectorant drugs. 19 of them received i.m. adjuvant emoxipine for 10 days in daily dose 0.3 mg/kg as a 1% aqueous solution. Metabolic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) was measured. RESULTS: Emoxipine-treated patients had reduced content of primary lipid peroxidation products and schiff bases in AM, catalase level in them returned to normal, blood levels of alpha-tocopherol went up. CONCLUSION: Emoxipine is beneficial for AM antioxidant defence system in BBA patients.

[Membrane-destabilizing processes as the universal basis of inflammation]. / Membranodestabiliziruiushchie protsessy kak universal'naia osnova vospaleniia.

It is established that active pyelonephritis and operative stress are accompanied with structural and functional changes in erythrocytic membranes: cholesterol and its ethers rose in quantity as well as difficulty oxidized phospholipids, cation adenosine triphosphatase activity changed. Being nonspecific, these changes seemed more pronounced in the active phase of chronic pyelonephritis. Minor structural rearrangement of membrane lipids in surgical patients indicated uneventful postoperative period. It is suggested that bacterial inflammation in the kidneys and urinary tracts may be related to the above shifts. The adjuvant use of dimephosphone produced a clear-cut membrane-stabilizing effect clinically reflected by reduced inflammation and improved renal function.

[The effect of chloxyl and praziquantel treatment on the lipid phase of the erythrocyte membrane and on the antioxidant system in opisthorchiasis patients]. / Vliianie lecheniia khlorsilom i prazikvantelem na lipidnuiu fazu membrany éritrotsita i antioksidantnuiu sistemu u bol'nykh opistorkhozom.

The effects of chloxyl and praziquantel on the lipid phase of erythrocytic membranes and the antioxidative system were studied in 77 patients with opisthorchiasis. After chloxyl treatment, patients with chronic opisthorchiasis had significantly higher contents of dienic conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, Schiff bases; in blood plasma, alpha-tocopherol content had a tendency to decrease. Treatment with praziquantel caused an increase in the content of malonic dialdehyde only in the erythrocytic membrane. Ten-day preadministration of vitamin E in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight reduced the pro-oxidative action of praziquantel.

[The effect of the physical status of the neutrophil membranes on their functional metabolic activity in hypertension patients]. / Vliianie fizicheskogo sostoianiia membran neitrofilov na ikh funktsional'no-metabolicheskuiu aktivnost' u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

In 76 untreated patients with Stages I-II hypertensive disease, spectrophotometry with lipid specific pyrene fluorescence probe revealed higher microviscosity in the lipid phase of neutrophilic membranes, which was induced by elevated levels of cholesterol and enhanced activation of lipid peroxidation. This resulted in increased functional and metabolic neutrophilic activity which was determined by luminol-dependent zimozan-induced chemiluminescence of whole venous blood. The correlation coefficient between the microviscosity of membranes and the chemiluminescence of neutrophils is 0.82 (p).

[Significance of platelet membrane destruction in vasospastic angina pectoris during its exacerbation]. / Znachenie membrannykh narushenii v trombotsitakh pri vazospasticheskoi stenokardii v period obostreniia zabolevaniia.

The parameters of the structure and function of platelet membranes were examined in 30 patients with unstable vasospastic angina in relation to the outcome of the disease (myocardial infarction stabilization or development). The fractions of phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), the levels of platelet membranous free and esterified cholesterol, plasma malonic dealdehyde and thromboxane B2, the activity of platelet superoxide dismutase and catalase were determined. The exacerbation of vasospastic angina was found to appear as accumulation of cholesterol (mainly of its fraction), an increase in platelet membranous levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin, accumulation of malonic dealdehyde. These changes were more profound in cases with subsequent myocardial infarctions. There were differences in the dynamics of the examined parameters in relation to the outcome of the disease.

[The metabolic effects of glucocorticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Metabolicheskie éffekty gliukokortikosteroidov u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of glucocorticosteroids on metabolic processes that occur in alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar liquid in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, in particular the activity of the antioxidant defense system, processes of hydrogen peroxide generation, and the content of phospholipids. It has been discovered that in patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis, glucocorticosteroids suppress hydrogen peroxide production and exert a negligible effect on the antioxidant system of alveolar macrophages as well as stimulate the synthesis of phospholipids in pulmonary tissue and suppress phospholipase A2 activity. To prevent unfavourable metabolic effects of glucocorticosteroids, antioxidants and stimulants of phagocytosis can be applied.

[The indices of cell membrane destabilization in urolithiasis patients]. / Pokazateli destabilizatsii kletochnykh membran u bol'nykh mochekamennoi bolezn'iu.

The paper gives the results of a clinical and biochemical study of 165 patients with urolithiasis and 46 healthy persons. Their urinary samples and renal biopsy specimens were analysed to assess the structural and functional status of nephron cell membranes. In urolithiasis patients, the urine was found to contain a great quantities of emulsified lipids enriched in toxic phospholipid and cholesterol metabolism products; renal tissue cytomembranes in the patients were depleted of phospholipids, free cholesterol and enriched in phospholipid lysoforms and cholesterol esters. Lipid phase destabilization of nephron epithelial membranes was shown to be pathogenetically associated with concrement formation. The examination of emulsified urinary lipids is an objective tool of renal tissue crystallization activity and may be recommended for the early diagnosis of urolithiasis, as well as an indicator of membrane-stabilizing therapy efficiency.

[Functional destabilization of the cell membranes in the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis]. / Funktsional'naia destabilizatsiia kletochnykh membran v patogeneze opistorkhoza.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system have been studied in 28 patients with acute opisthorchiasis, 129 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, 57 patients in the residual stage of the disease (6-12 months later) and 28 practically healthy subjects. The data obtained indicate excessive accumulation of primary (diene conjugates), secondary (malonic dialdehyde) and terminal (Schiff bases) LPO products in erythrocyte membranes of patients with acute and chronic opisthorchiasis. These patients have also revealed a drop in alpha-tocopherol level in erythrocyte membranes and blood plasma. An excessive content of primary and terminal LPO products persisted in erythrocyte membranes in the residual stage of the disease. Blood plasma alpha-tocopherol level remained low.

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined therapy of glomerulonephritis]. / Giperbaricheskaia oksigenatsiia v kompleksnoi terapii glomerulonefrita.

As many as 51 patients afflicted with glomerulonephritis were examined. Of these, 26 received multimodality treatment including hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) sessions. The efficacy of the multimodality treatment was assessed from the totality of the clinico-biochemical parameters, measurements of the activity of lipid peroxidation, appraisal of the condition of the antioxidant body systems, the activity of A2 phospholipase and the lipid phase of erythrocytic membranes. The studies performed have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of HBO as well as positive changes in the structure of the lipid phase of cell membranes. To prevent unfavourable effects of HBO, it is suggested that the level of alpha-tocopherol in cell membranes should be controlled and the intake of the drugs potentiating the hyperoxic effect should be restricted.

[Urinary excretion of emulsified lipids in urolithiasis]. / Ekskretsiia s mochoi ému'lgirovannykh lipidov pri moche- kamennoi bolezni.

Examinations of the urine emulsified lipid phospholipid composition carried out by thin-layer chromatography have revealed that phospholipid excretion is the minimal in normal subjects and is represented only by sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine fractions. In subjects with a history of cholelithiasis (CL) phospholipid excretion is essentially elevated and the total phospholipid spectrum, including the minor fractions, is present in the urine. In CL patients phospholipiduria+ is still more marked, phosphatidylethanolamine appears in the urine, that is absent in the other groups of examinees. This method is recommended for the early diagnosis of CL.