Longtime driving induced cerebral hemodynamic elevation and behavior degradation as assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy and a voluntary attention test.

Drowsy driving contributes to ~20% of all traffic accidents worldwide. Onsite monitoring the mental condition of a driver and forewarning may be a preventive solution to reduce occurrence of drowsiness and potential accidents. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been successfully utilized in hemodynamics-interpreted functional activity in preliminary voluntary attention experiments. Here, we monitored hemodynamic alternations using fNIRS upon the prefrontal cortex over 13 volunteers in the course of a 7-hour driving simulation and evaluated their reaction capability with a voluntary attention test based on Go/NoGo paradigm. A degradation in attention test score (Accuracy/RT) as well as the elevations in oxy-hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2 ]) and total hemoglobin (Δ[tHb]) were found significantly correlated with driving duration (Accuracy/RT: r = -0.964, P < 0.001; Δ[HbO2 ]: r = 0.950, P < 0.001; Δ[tHb]: r = 0.852, P = 0.007). The hemodynamic parameters are in significant inverse correlations with Accuracy/RT (Δ[HbO2 ]: r = -0.896, p = 0.003; Δ[tHb]: r = -0.844, P = 0.008), indicating the potential to forewarn drivers the attention degradation with onsite fNIRS measurements.

A Brief Review of OPT101 Sensor Application in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Instrumentation for Intensive Care Unit Clinics.

The optoelectronic sensor OPT101 have merits in advanced optoelectronic response characteristics at wavelength range for medical near-infrared spectroscopy and small-size chip design with build-in trans-impedance amplifier. Our lab is devoted to developing a series of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices embedded with OPT101 for applications in intensive care unit clinics, based on NIRS principle. Here we review the characteristics and advantages of OPT101 relative to clinical NIRS instrumentation, and the most recent achievements, including early-diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of thrombus, noninvasive monitoring of patients' shock severity, and fatigue evaluation. The future prospect on OPT101 improvements in noninvasive clinical applications is also discussed.

[Neighborhood comparison of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation by using different variables].

Neighborhood comparison is defined as the proportion of the nearest greater neighbors to a given reference tree measured by a certain variable. By this way, the dominant differentiation degree of individual wood could be measured well. In this paper, the variables DBH, biomass, canopy breadth, and tree height were used to make the neighborhood comparison of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in Chongzhou forest farm. The results showed that the neighborhood comparison measured by DBH and biomass had a slight fluctuation range and the highest reliability. Nevertheless, due to the effects of various tree types, the neighborhood comparison measured by canopy breath and tree height was not as reliable as that measured by the former two variables. The average value of the neighborhood comparison measured by DBH and biomass was visibly higher than that by canopy breath and tree height, indicating that the differentiation degree of individual's DBH and biomass was further greater than that of individual's canopy breath and tree height. It was possible that increasing individual's DBH to enhance its biomass, and thus, to achieve its predominance status among individuals' competition was the main strategy of individual's differentiation. Neighborhood comparison should also be taken as an instructive reference in modifying the spatial structure of stand.