ABSTRACT
Dermatophytosis is the most common fungal infectious disease in the world, which is commonly caused by Trichophyton rubrum in China. The traditional therapies for treating dermatophytosis include topical and oral antifungal agents like terbinafine, griseofulvin, and azole antifungal drugs. However, 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) as a new alternative therapy avoids the side effects and drug resistance of traditional antifungal agents. We report two cases diagnosed as kerion and tinea faciei secondary to ulcers with CARD 9 deficiency, both of whom were infected by T.rubrum. They were both successfully treated by ALA-PDT combined with antifungal drugs, providing a feasible strategy for therapeutic choice for adult kerion and ulcer treatment.
Subject(s)
Arthrodermataceae , Photochemotherapy , Tinea Capitis , Adult , Humans , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use , Ulcer , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Prediction of the potential distribution of species based on the data of its current distribution in combination with climatic variables is important for understanding species evolution and reasonable conservation. Based on 220 distribution sites in China and 12 low-correlation climatic variables, we analyzed the potential distribution of Paris verticillata at present and future (2050s and 2070s) using the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS program. Further, we analyzed the dominant driving factors for its geographic distribution. The results showed that the area under the curve indices (AUC) was 0.940, with high prediction accuracy. The potential suitable regions of P. verticillata were mainly distributed in the Greater Xing'an Mountains, the Xiao Xing'an Mountains, the Changbai Mountains, the Qinling-Daba Mountains, Hebei, Shanxi and north Shandong under current climate scenario. Those regions accounted for 18.1% of the total suitable area in the country, of which the highly suitable areas accounted for 7.0% and the lowly suitable area 11.1%. The total suitable areas of P. verticillata in the 2050s and 2070s would decline under the climate change scenarios of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5. The highly suitable area would decline, but the lowly suitable area would increase. With the global climate change, both the range and the geometric center of its distribution would gradually spread to higher altitude in the northeast. The cumulative contributions of four dominant factors reached as high as 89.2%, namely, precipitation of wettest month, mean annual temperature, isothermality, and precipitation of January. Their appropriate ranges were 100-275 mm, -0.1-16 â, 21-35 and 3-14 mm, respectively.
Subject(s)
Climate Change , Ecosystem , China , Forecasting , TemperatureABSTRACT
We analyzed the interspecific association among 20 dominant populations in shrub layer in secondary natural forest of Pinus tabuliformis in Qinling Mountain, China, with X2-test, the association coefficients and the percentage of common occurrence. The results showed that the species pairs with significant positive associations accounted for only 7.4% of the total 190 species pairs. The species pairs such as Lespedeza bicolor and Elaeagnus pungens, Toxicodendron vernicifluum and Pinus tabuliformis, Euonymus alatus and Cerasus tomentosa had extremely significant positive correlations, whereas most of the species pairs showed weak interspecific association. The ratio of positive and negative correlations was less than 1. The results suggested that the interspecific association was relatively weak. Species were with certain independence among dominant populations. Community structure was at an unstable mid-stage with dynamic succession. According to the interspecific association and cluster analysis, combined with biological and ecological characters, the 20 dominant populations in shrub layer were classified into four functional groups. The ecological requirement and resource use pattern of species within the same functional groups were similar, exhibiting a close connection between the shrub species. The connection between different functional groups was relatively loose.
