Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation and Sulfonylation of N-Allylamides: Synthesis of Oxazoline Derivatives.

We report a new method for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated and sulfonylated oxazolines by electrochemical radical cascade cyclizations of N-allylamides with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate or sulfonylhydrazines. This protocol provides a green and useful strategy to synthesize trifluoromethylated and sulfonylated oxazolines with a broad substrate scope under ambient conditions.

Electrochemical Decarboxylative Silylation of α,ß-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.

An electrochemical method for the decarboxylative silylation of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids was developed. A variety of alkenylsilanes could be obtained in satisfactory yields and excellent selectivities under external oxidant- and metal-free conditions. Mechanistic studies showed that the formation of the silyl radical was mediated by NHPI, which produces the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO) via multiple-site concerted proton-electron transfer (MS-CPET).

Annulation Reaction of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones Initiated by Electrochemical Decarboxylation of N-Arylglycines.

A new methodology for the synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones has been accomplished through annulation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones initiated by electrochemical decarboxylation of N-arylglycines catalyzed by ferrocene. With a pair of oxidative and reductive processes occurring among the substrates and intermediates instead of on the electrodes, the electricity consumption was decreased.

Iminyl-radicals by electrochemical decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids: construction of indole-fused polycyclics.

Iminyl radicals are reactive intermediates that can be used for the construction of various valuable heterocycles. Herein, the electrochemical decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids for the generation of iminyl radicals has been accomplished under exogenous-oxidant- and metal-free conditions through the use of nBu4NBr as a mediator. The resulting iminyl radicals undergo intramolecular cyclization smoothly with the adjacent (hetero)arenes to afford a series of indole-fused polycyclic compounds.

The synthesis of sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines via an electro-chemical radical cascade cyclization.

A new route for the synthesis of sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines has been accomplished by electrochemical radical cascade cyclizations of styrenyl amides with sulfonylhydrazines. This process demonstrates a wide substrate scope with diverse functional group compatibility under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions at ambient temperature.

[Clinical effect of treatment with lipo-prostaglandin E1 on the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential mechanism underlying lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in treatment of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. METHODS: The recommended dose of 20 microg lipo-PGE1 for treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis was as a daily dose by continuous intravenous infusion or intravenous injection for 4 weeks. The levels of interleukin-1 (IL- 1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) and clearance of creatinine (CCr) were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment with lipo-PGE1, levels of IL-1, TNF-alpha, BUN and SCr were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.01), but CCr values were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lipo-PGE1 can reduce the renal inflammatory response and improve the renal function in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

[Clinical application of fistulation of artery and vein with self-blood vessel transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of fistulation of artery and vein with self-blood vessel transplantation. METHODS: Seven patients with renal failure were given antebrachial fistulation of artery and vein with great saphenous veins of themselves. The ortho- and pachy-great saphenous vein was chosed after it was cut. The great saphenous vein was passed bridge inside forearm in straight line or morpha-U. The method was anastomosis of the radial artery or brachial artery and cephalic vein, basilic vein or median cubital vein. RESULTS: The fistulations of artery and vein were successful and all patients were in hemodialysis regularly. CONCLUSION: The fistulation of artery and vein with self-blood vessel transplantation is a convenient, easy, cheap operation. It can coincide with the clinical demand and be used to make up the failure of fistulation or the fistulation that there is no blood vessel in the forearm.

[Intraarticular injection-dilatation and later lavage plus viscosupplementation of TMJ for the treatment of anterior disc displacement without reduction].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the TMJ intraarticular injection-dilatation and later lavage plus viscosupplementation as a treatment for anterior disc displacement without reduction of the TMJ. METHODS: 29 patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction of the TMJ were treated by using intraarticular injection-dilatation. Arthrocentesis and lavage was conducted after 3-5 days, a volume of 1ml of sodium hyaluronate was injected into the super cavity at the end of lavage. The passive exercise mouth opening was done twice every day. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The maximum mouth opening was increased from (23.66+/-4.39)mm before treatment to (34.93+/-4.50)mm after intraarticular injection-dilatation(P<0.01), (39.17+/-4.38) mm after lavage plus viscosupplementation(P<0.01). The mandibular healthy side direction motion increased significantly (P<0.01) at different periods. 2 patients had mandibular motion pain after a series of treatments. 5 cases had pain on the opposite joints during treatment. CONCLUSION: (1) The TMJ intraarticular injection-dilatation and later lavage plus viscosupplementation is useful for patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction of the TMJ. The new therapy can increase mandibular motion and reduce pain. (2) The TMJ intraarticular injection-dilatation and lavage plus viscosupplementation are complementary and accumulated. (3) The opposite joint's pathological changes that is found and treated can increase the overall effect.