Risk factors, health and rehabilitation intervention strategies for low back pain in adult golfers: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the evidence of risk factors and health and rehabilitation intervention strategies for lower back injuries in adult golfers. MethodsA thematic search method was employed, retrieving literature related to low back pain in adult golfers from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data, with publication dates ranging from inception to April 1st, 2024. Authors, country, publication time, study subjects, risk factors for low back pain and intervention strategies were extracted from the literature for systematic review. ResultsNine English articles from the United States, Australia, South Korea, Portugal and South Africa were included, involving 237 golfers, three survey studies, one prospective cohort study, five randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-RCT articles were enrolled. The study subjects included adult professional and amateur golfers. The primary risk factors were excessive repetition of non-standard golf swinging movements resulting in excessive lumbar torsion and overuse of the lumbar musculature; abnormal activation patterns of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles; and functional limitation of the trunk and hip joints, causing excessive lumbar compensation during the swinging motion. Health and rehabilitation intervention strategies included the comprehensive application of electromyography and ultrasound biofeedback technologies with a focus on screening the lumbar weak muscle groups and swinging actions, optimizing training load, and standardizing swinging technical movements; strengthening functional training of the trunk and hip joints; and enhancing strength training of the abdominal and core muscle groups, as well as the deep muscle groups. ConclusionThe risk factors for low back pain in adult golfers are primarily associated with excessive repetition of improper golf swing techniques, insufficient strength in the abdominal and core muscle groups, and functional limitations of the trunk and hip joints. Key intervention strategies include optimizing training load using electromyography and ultrasound biofeedback techniques, standardizing swing techniques, enhancing trunk and hip joint functional training, and strengthening waist, abdominal, core and deep muscle group strength training. The implementation of these strategies helps to reduce the risk of low back pain in golfers, enhance athletic performance, and promote physical and mental health.

Reconstruction of thumb degloving injury with hallux nail flap combined with 3D printing: a report of 16 cases / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of hallux nail flap design assisted with 3D printing in reconstruction of thumb defect in degloving injury.Methods:From January 2020 to March 2022, 16 patients with thumb defect caused by degloving injury with intact digit flexor and extensor tendons were treated. The patients were 11 males and 5 females, aged 20 to 52 years old, with an average age of 31 years old. The injured patient's hands were firstly scanned by CT and the 3D models were created to map the profile of the tissues required for reconstruction. Photopolymer templates for the defects in thumb were then 3D printed. The printed templates were put on the great toes and accordingly the hallux nail flaps were designed and harvested. The degloving wound of thumb was repaired by the hallux nail flap. Donor sites were repaired with artificial dermis in 6 patients and with ilioinguinal flaps in 10 patients. The effect of surgery was observed at outpatient clinic during postoperative follow-up. The survival of the hallux nail flap and the recovery of the donor site were observed. Function recovery were evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Finger Replantation and Reconstruction of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association.Results:All the harvested hallux nail flaps matched with the profiles of recipient sites. All the hallux nail flaps survived over 4 to 30 months of follow-up, in an average of 16 months. Appearance of all hallux nail flaps was similar to normal thumbs, with good fingerprint and nails. Sensation recovery were S 3-S 4, with TPD at 4-7 mm. According to the Evaluation Trial Standards of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, 15 thumbs were excellent and 1 was good. Conclusion:Application of 3D printing assisted hallux nail flap transfer in reconstruction of defect of thumb in degloving injury can precisely design and harvest the required tissue and minimise a damage to the donor great toe. It improves the appearance of thumb as well as patient satisfaction. It is practical in reconstruction of the defect of thumb in degloving injury.

[Effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the root surfaces and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion. METHODS: Extracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments. RESULTS: Morphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.

Effects of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on the root surfaces and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Extracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Morphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.</p>

A comparative study of two operations of sternal fracture / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To compare the efficacies of the treatment of sternal fracture with wire fixation and the titanium sternal fixation system. Methods Thirty patients with sternal fracture from May 2003 to July 2009 were followed up. Among them,there were 20 patients with wire fixation (wire fixation group), 10 patients with the titanium sternal fixation system (titanium sternal fixation system group). The conditions before, during and after operation,complications and effects were compared to evaluate the effieaeies of titanium sternal fixation system. Results The operative time of titanium sternal fixation system group and wire fixation group were (67.0 ± 7.9) min and (90.0 ± 8.6) min, the blood loss were (11.0 ± 5.4) ml and (48.0 ± 8.4)ml,the duration of drainage were (0.5 ± 0.4) days and (1.9 ± 0.7) days,the amount of drainage were (1.9 ± 1.3) ml and (19.0 ± 4.6) ml, the average hospitalized days were (2.3 ± 0.5) days and (6.9 ± 0.9) days, the duration of pain were (1.5 ± 0.5) days and (3.8 ± 1.1) days, there were all significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The rates of wound infection, delayed union or nonunion, re-fracture,plate fracture or plate shift of wire fixation group were 5% (1/20) ,5% (1/20) ,5% (1/20), 10% (2/20). But the rates of titanium sternal fixation system group were 0, there were all significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The treatment of sternal fracture with titanium sternal fixation system is a simple and stable fixation,high bone union rate and few complications,especially for the sternal fracture.