Research trends and hotspots in the field of electrical impedance tomography for mechanical ventilation: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a relatively recent functional imaging technique that is both noninvasive and radiation free. EIT measures the associated voltage when a weak current is applied to the surface of the human body to determine the distribution of electrical resistance within tissues. We performed a bibliometrics-based review to explore the geographic hotspots of current research and future trends developing in the field of EIT for mechanical ventilation. Methods: The Web of Science database was searched from its inception to June 25, 2023. CiteSpace software was used to visualize and analyze the relevant literature and identify the most impactful literature, trends, and hotspots. Results: 363 articles describing EIT use in mechanical ventilation were identified. A fluctuating growth in the number of publications was observed from 1998 to 2023. Germany had the highest number of articles (n=154), followed by Italy (n=53) and China (n=52). A cluster analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that "titration", "ventilator-related lung injury", and "oxygenation" were the most actively researched terms associated with the use of EIT in mechanically ventilated patients. Conclusions: Significant progress has been made in EIT research for mechanical ventilation. EIT research is limited to a small number of countries with a present research focus on the prevention and treatment of ventilator-related lung injury, oxygenation status, and prone ventilation. These topics are expected to remain research hotspots in the future.

Regulation of depressive-like behaviours by palmitoylation: Role of AKAP150 in the basolateral amygdala.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Protein palmitoylation is involved in learning and memory, and in emotional disorders. Yet, the underlying mechanisms in these processes remain unclear. Herein, we describe that A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) is essential and sufficient for depressive-like behaviours in mice via a palmitoylation-dependent mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressive-like behaviours in mice were induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Palmitoylated proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) were assessed by an acyl-biotin exchange assay. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to investigate the role of the DHHC2-mediated AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway in depressive-like behaviours. Electrophysiological recording, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to define the mechanistic pathway. KEY RESULTS: Chronic stress successfully induced depressive-like behaviours in mice and enhanced AKAP150 palmitoylation in the BLA, and a palmitoylation inhibitor was enough to reverse these changes. Blocking the AKAP150-PKA interaction with the peptide Ht-31 abolished the CRS-induced AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway. DHHC2 expression and palmitoylation levels were both increased after chronic stress. DHHC2 knockdown prevented CRS-induced depressive-like behaviours, as well as attenuating AKAP150 signalling and synaptic transmission in the BLA in CRS-treated mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These results delineate that DHHC2 modulates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviours and synaptic transmission in the BLA via the AKAP150 palmitoylation signalling pathway, and this pathway may be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for major depressive disorder.

Single-nuclei RNA-seq reveals skin cell responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris.

As the primary natural barrier that protects against adverse environmental conditions, the skin plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of fish, particularly in relation to bacterial infections. However, due to the diverse functionality and intricate anatomical and cellular composition of the skin, deciphering the immune response of the host is a challenging task. In this study, single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on skin biopsies obtained from Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris), comparing Aeromonas hydrophila-infected subjects to healthy control subjects. A total of 19,581 single nuclei cells were sequenced using 10x Genomics (10,400 in the control group and 9,181 in the treated group). Based on expressed unique transcriptional profiles, 33 cell clusters were identified and classified into 12 cell types including keratinocyte (KC), fibroblast (FB), endothelial cells (EC), secretory cells (SC), immune cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and other cells such as pericyte (PC), brush cell (BC), red blood cell (RBC), neuroendocrine cell (NDC), neuron cells (NC), and melanocyte (MC). Among these, three clusters of KCs, namely, KC1, KC2, and KC5 exhibited significant expansion after A. hydrophila infection. Analysis of pathway enrichment revealed that KC1 was primarily involved in environmental signal transduction, KC2 was primarily involved in endocrine function, and KC5 was primarily involved in metabolism. Finally, our findings suggest that neutrophils may play a crucial role in combating A. hydrophila infections. In summary, this study not only provides the first detailed comprehensive map of all cell types present in the skin of teleost fish but also sheds light on the immune response mechanism of the skin following A. hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish.

PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing provides new insights into the complexity of full-length transcripts in oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense.

BACKGROUND: Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is one of the most dominant species in shrimp farming in China, which is a rich source of protein and contributes to a significant impact on the quality of human life. Thus, more complete and accurate annotation of gene models are important for the breeding research of oriental river prawn. RESULTS: A full-length transcriptome of oriental river prawn muscle was obtained using the PacBio Sequel platform. Then, 37.99 Gb of subreads were sequenced, including 584,498 circular consensus sequences, among which 512,216 were full length non-chimeric sequences. After Illumina-based correction of long PacBio reads, 6,599 error-corrected isoforms were identified. Transcriptome structural analysis revealed 2,263 and 2,555 alternative splicing (AS) events and alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, respectively. In total, 620 novel genes (NGs), 197 putative transcription factors (TFs), and 291 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study offers novel insights into the transcriptome complexity and diversity of this prawn species, and provides valuable information for understanding the genomic structure and improving the draft genome annotation of oriental river prawn.

Emergency tracheal intubation peri-operative risk factors and prognostic impact after esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: Emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a serious complication after Oesophagectomy. It is still unclear that perioperative risk factors and prognosis of these patients with ETI. METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2018, 21 patients who received ETI after esophagectomy were enrolled (ETI group) at the department of thoracic surgery, Fujian Union hospital, China. Each study subject matched one patient who underwent the same surgery in the current era were included (control group). Patient characteristics and perioperative factors were collected. RESULTS: Patients with ETI were older than those without ETI (p = 0.022). The patients with history of smoking in ETI group were significantly more than those in control group (p = 0.013). The stay-time of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in ETI group was significantly longer than that in control group (p = 0.001). The incidence of anastomotic leak or electrolyte disorder in ETI group was also higher than that in control group (p = 0.014; p = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis indicated history of smoke (HR 6.43, 95%CI 1.39-29.76, p = 0.017) and longer stay time of PACU (HR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.83, p = 0.020) both were independently associated with higher risks of ETI. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 47.6% in patients with ETI and 85.7% in patients without ETI (HR 4.72, 95%CI 1.31-17.00, p = 0.018). COX regression analysis indicated ETI was an independent risk factor affecting the OS. CONCLUSION: The study indicated that history of smoking and longer stay-time in PACU both were independently associated with higher risks of ETI; and ETI was an independent risk factor affecting the OS of patients after esophagectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was retrospectively registered with the registration number of ChiCTR2000038549.

Genetic diversity of two color morphs of Northern snakehead (Channa argus) unveiled by the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region.

To analyze the genetic background of 'white' type Northern snakehead (Channa argus), and provide atheoretical basis for breeding of C. argus, the investigation of genetic diversity and population structure were investigated based on the complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region for three cultured 'white' type C. argus populations, and four 'bicolor' type C. argus populations were used to compare with them; 28 mutation loci and 30 haplotypes were found in the D-loop sequence of all individuals with a total length of 907 bp. The highest haplotype diversity (Hd ) and nucleotide diversity (Pi ) in the 'white' type C. argus populations were 0.505 and 0.00057, respectively, which lower than those in the 'bicolor' type C. argus populations (Hd = 0.911, Pi = 0.00326). Population differentiation values (F ST) show that the four 'bicolor' type C. argus populations had obvious genetic differentiation (Fst: 0.21902-0.49428. p < 0.01), but not in the three 'white' type C. argus populations (Fst: -0.00571 to 0.07261. p > 0.05). The phylogenetic tree and Median Joining (MJ) network showed that the genetic distance among 'white' type C. argus populations is very close. Therefore, much attention should be paid to protecting population genetic diversity and avoiding inbreeding in the breeding of 'white' type C. argus.

Mdivi-1 improves postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged rats undergoing splenectomy by inhibiting dynamin-related protein-1.

Background: The regulatory role of mitochondria in the inflammatory response of the nervous system postoperatively remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between mitochondria and postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PNCD) by regulating mitochondrial function in aged rats undergoing splenectomy. Methods: A total of 120 aged rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=24) as follows: Control group (not subjected to any form of treatment), Sham group (subjected only to sham-splenectomized operation after anesthesia), Splenectomy group (only underwent splenectomy after anesthesia), Synonyms Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) group [treated with Mdivi-1, a dynamin-relatedprotein 1 (Drp1) inhibitor], and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) group (treated with DMSO, a solvent). Inflammatory markers, namely interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), were measured in the plasma and brains of the rats. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test. Results: During the perioperative period, the physiological parameters did not differ among the five groups (P>0.05). The results of the Morris water maze experiments showed that the memory of the rats was significantly impaired after splenectomy, which was alleviated by Mdivi-1 administration (P=0.04). Postoperatively, the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and hippocampus tissue were upregulated, while Mdivi-1 administration reduced this increase. The electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining results indicated that the structure of neurons and mitochondria was minimally impaired in the Mdivi-1 group. Conclusions: Aged rats that underwent splenectomy exhibited significant postoperative cognitive impairments. The selective inhibitor of Drp1, Mdivi-1, exerted protective effects against PNCD by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing the inflammatory response.

Emergency tracheal intubation during off-hours is not associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of hospitalized patients after emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) remains poor. Our aim was to evaluate the 30-d hospitalization mortality of subjects undergoing ETI during daytime or off-hours and to analyze the possible risk factors affecting mortality. METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed at a university teaching facility from January 2015 to December 2018. All adult inpatients who received ETI in the general ward were included. Information on patient demographics, vital signs, ICU (Intensive care unit) admission, intubation time (daytime or off-hours), the department in which ETI was performed (surgical ward or medical ward), intubation reasons, and 30-d hospitalization mortality after ETI were obtained from a database. RESULTS: Over a four-year period, 558 subjects were analyzed. There were more male than female in both groups (115 [70.1%] vs 275 [69.8%]; P = 0.939). A total of 394 (70.6%) patients received ETI during off-hours. The patients who received ETI during the daytime were older than those who received ETI during off-hours (64.95 ± 17.54 vs 61.55 ± 17.49; P = 0.037). The BMI of patients who received ETI during the daytime was also higher than that of patients who received ETI during off-hours (23.08 ± 3.38 vs 21.97 ± 3.25; P < 0.001). The 30-d mortality after ETI was 66.8% (373), which included 68.0% (268) during off-hours and 64.0% (105) during the daytime (P = 0.361). Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that the significant factors for the risk of death within 30 days included ICU admission (HR 0.312, 0.176-0.554) and the department in which ETI was performed (HR 0.401, 0.247-0.653). CONCLUSIONS: The 30-d hospitalization mortality after ETI was 66.8%, and off-hours presentation was not significantly associated with mortality. ICU admission and ETI performed in the surgical ward were significant factors for decreasing the risk of death within 30 days. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was retrospectively registered with the registration number of ChiCTR2000038549 .

Identification of Osteosarcoma Metastasis-Associated Gene Biomarkers and Potentially Targeted Drugs Based on Bioinformatic and Experimental Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis is the leading cause of death for patients with osteosarcoma (OS). In the present study, we explore the biomarkers for metastatic OS and provide potential therapeutic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA-Seq data and clinical follow-up information were downloaded from TARGET and GEO databases. A Cox regression model was used to analyze metastatic events. L1000FWD, DGIdb, and CMap databases were used to identify potential drugs related to metastasis. Invasion and migration transwell assays and an adhesion assay were used to identify biological functions of genes. RESULTS: A total of 15 metastasis-related signatures (MRSs) were associated with the prognosis based on the TARGET or GSE21257 cohorts, among which IL10RA and TLR7 genes were especially significant. In the DGIdb drug-gene interaction database, TLR7 and IFNGR1 were found to have potential interactions with drugs. After inhibiting the expression of TLR7, the migration, invasion, and adhesion ability of OS cells were significantly enhanced, which further promoted metastasis. CONCLUSION: We identified a set of MRS that may be related to OS metastases. Among them, TLR7 plays a vital role and may be a potential target for OS metastasis treatment.

A succinct technique for the extraction of the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) after unlocking failure: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is a routine method to deal with intertrochanteric fractures in the elder population. It is challenging to remove PFNA in some cases as a result of stripping of blade heads. In this case presentation, we describe a novel technique using commonly available instruments that can be used to remove stripped, even broken anti-rotation blade where conventional methods have failed. METHODS: The subject underwent a PFNA removal surgery 15 months after the previous fixation. We encountered difficulties using the regular instrument to remove the anti-rotation blade. A 5-mm tungsten carbide bur was used to drill a single cortical hole at the end of the blade. Then double-strand steel wire was threaded through the hole, and the distal part was shaped into a circle which could tie to the extraction screw. Slide Hammer was applied to gently knock out the blade along the anatomical direction of the femoral neck. RESULTS: The technique helped us successfully remove the anti-rotation blade and provided the patient with a satisfactory result. CONCLUSION: The use of a tungsten reamer and steel wire loop to remove the proximal femoral anti-rotation blade may provide a cost-effective and straightforward method of dealing with extraction failure.

Magnetic resonance T2 mapping and T1ρimaging of adult rhesus monkeys with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in free-range population / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Primates are considered to be the most appropriate animal model of lumbar intervertebraldisc degeneration, but the disc degenerated characteristics of monkeys were rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To verify the degenerated regularity and characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disks in rhesus monkeys with magnetic resonance T2 mapping and T1ρimaging technology. METHODS:The sagittal lumbar intervertebral disc magnetic resonance T2 weighted imaging,T2 weighted mapping imaging and T1ρweighted imaging of 63 adult rhesus monkeys were acquired on 1.5T magnetic resonance equipment. The T2-map value and T1ρvalue of lumbar intervertebral disc regions of interest were calculated on the post-processing workstation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) This study obtained 425 better magnetic resonance images of lumbar intervertebral disks in adult rhesus monkeys. T2-map value and T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus were most consistent by different persons, and the Kappa coefficient was more than 0.93. (2) The T2-map value and T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus were both negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grades (r=-0.842, P<0.01;r=-0.896, P<0.01). The T1ρvalue and T2-map value of nucleus pulposus were significantly statistical y different between Pfirrmann grades I-IV (P<0.001, P<0.001). The T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus was negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grade II-III (r=-0.517, P<0.01) and Pfirrmann grade IV-V (r=-0.499, P<0.01). The T2-map value of nucleus pulposus was also negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grade II-III (r=-0.617, P<0.01) and Pfirrmann grade IV-V (r=-0.652, P<0.01). (3) The T2-map value of L1-2 and L2-3 segments nucleus pulposus were significantly lower than that in L6-7 and L7-S1 segments (P<0.05). (4) There were significant differences in age among the T1ρvalue and T2-map value of nucleus pulposus (r=-0.702, P<0.001, r=-0.730, P<0.001). (5) It is concluded that magnetic resonance T2 mapping and T1ρimaging technology can objectively and sensitively assess the degenerated process of nucleus pulposus in rhesus monkeys. The degeneration in upper lumbar segments (L1-2 and L2-3) was earlier and more severe than that in lower lumbar segments (L6-7 and L7-S1) in rhesus monkeys. Age is one of the most important factors in lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration of adult rhesus monkeys.

Involvement of AQP 1 in the cardio-protective effect of remifentanil post-conditioning in ischemia/reperfusion rats.

BACKGROUND: our research aim to study the role of AQP1 in the cardioprotective effect of remifentanil post-conditioning for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Ninety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial ischemia and reperfusion group (I/R group), postconditioning of remifentanil group (R-post), postconditioning of remifentanil plus AQP1 inhibitor acetazolamide group (R-post +Ace), postconditioning of remifentanil plus opioid-receptor antagonist compounds (R-post +AC), postconditioning of remifentanil plus AQP1 enhancer arginine vasopressin (R-post +AV). All groups except the sham operation group were given 30 min ischemia in left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries. All groups were then given 120 min reperfusion to the LAD. Before reperfusion, the R-post, R-post +Ace, R-post +AC, R-post +AV groups were given 10 min remifentanil post-conditioning. Hemodynamic data were measured every 30 min after initiation of ischemia. The rats' hearts were exercised for detecting infarct size and water content in the left ventricle, and AQP1 expression were also detected. RESULTS: The R-post group showed a significant reduction of the infarct size compared to the I/R group. The effect of R-post for reducing infarct size was slightly enhanced by adding acetazolamide to R-post, so significant differences could still be found when compared R-post+Ace group to the I/R group. The effect of infarct size reduction brought by R-post was blocked by the opioid-receptor antagonist compounds. This effect was also blocked by the AQP1 enhancer. Similar outcomes were found considering the water content of the left ventricle and the AQP1 expression. CONCLUSION: Cardioprotective effect of remifentanil post-conditioning may initiate through inhibiting the function of AQP1.