[Clinical and Cytogenetical Characteristics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) based on morphology define. METHODS: A total of 180 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed, and marrow cell morphology of 126 patients were re-evaluated. The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics, including ages, sex, WBC count, HGB level, PLT count, blasts percentage, abnormal karyotype detection rate of the patients in AML with multilineage dysplasia (AML-MRC-1), secondary AML from myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) (AML-MRC-2), and AML not otherwise specified (AML-NOS) groups were investigated. RESULTS: There was no significant differences between the patients in three groups in terms of sex, age and platelet count (P=0.898, P=0.365, P=0.853), but AML-MRC-2 group (73.2%) was higher than AML-MRC-1 (60.0%) and AML-NOS (56.4%) in the percentages of patients over 60 years old (P=0.228); there were statistically significant differences on WBC count, HGB level, and blasts percentage (P=0.000, P=0.022, P=0.000, AML-MRC-2

[Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risks of PM2.5 Carrier Metals in the Beijing Urban Area and Suburbs].

To explore the differences in pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of PM2.5 carrier metals in urban and suburban areas in Beijing, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from Haidian and Daxing from June to November 2017 and the concentration of PM2.5 and 13 constituent metals were analyzed. The sources of these 13 metal elements were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF), and the health hazards of a subset of 9 metals were evaluated using health risk assessment. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and 10 metal concentrations in the urban area including Cr, Co, Mn, and Ni were significantly different from those in suburban areas (P<0.05). The source analysis results show four key sources, although their relative contributions vary slightly between urban and rural areas. In urban areas, the main sources are motor vehicles (51.2%), coal burning (19.1%), dust (19.3%), and fuel oil (10.4%); in the suburbs, sources are motor vehicles (47.9%), coal burning (22.6%), dust (20.2%), and electroplating (9.3%). The results of the health risk assessment showed that all metal HQ values in the suburbs were less than 1, and there was no non-carcinogenic risk. Ni and Pb in urban areas, and Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb in suburban areas, do not present a cancer risk, while the R values of As (2.77×10-5), Cd (2×10-6), Co (1.76×10-6), and Cr(Ⅵ) (7.88×10-6) in urban areas and As (8.34×10-6) and Cr(Ⅵ) (4.94×10-6) in suburban areas present some risk of cancer.

Impacts of earthworm activity on the fate of straw carbon in soil: a microcosm experiment.

Earthworms not only facilitate carbon (C) stabilization, but also accelerate organic matter mineralization by enhancing microbial respiration. However, the fate (mineralization vs stabilization) of newly added C by straw returning in arable lands with earthworm activity is still unclear. In the present 40 days incubation study, we incorporated artificially 13C-labeled straw into soil with and without presence of earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi). Flux measurements of CO2 from soil (mineralization) were taken regularly, while straw-derived C remaining in the soil (stabilization) was measured at the end of the incubation. There was no significant difference of the cumulative CO2 emission between earthworm presence and absence treatment. However, earthworm presence significantly decreased straw-derived cumulative CO2-C emission when compared with the treatment without earthworm. Besides, earthworm incubation led to a significantly low light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) content and straw-derived LFOC proportion. Relative to the non-earthworm treatment, straw-derived C content significantly decreased in micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm), but increased in large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm) in the earthworm treatment. In total, only 3.8% of added straw C was assimilated by earthworm within 40 days, while most of the straw C remained in the soil. Earthworms decreased straw-derived CO2-C emission from 10.0 to 8.1% when compared with the non-earthworm treatment. In the present short period incubation experiment, compared with the soil without earthworms, the presence of Metaphire guillelmi (1) resulted a higher soil CO2 emissions, which may mainly evolved from the older SOC, and (2) stabilized more residue-derived C in the soil aggregates. We therefore propose that Metaphire guillelmi may increase soil organic carbon pool turnover rates in the short term after straw returning by replacement of older SOC with newly added straw C.