ABSTRACT
Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, the authors have drawn to our attention that, owing to errors made in the compilation of the images in Fig. 6, the images shown in Fig. 6AC in the article were selected incorrectly (essentially, the images shown in Fig. 6A and B were alterative presentations of the same data shown in Fig. 6C). The authors were able to reexamine the original data files and retrieve the correct data panels. The revised version of Fig. 6, featuring the corrected data panels for Fig. 6AC, is shown opposite. Note that the revisions made to this figure do not affect the overall conclusions reported in the paper. The authors are grateful to the Editor of Oncology Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish this Corrigendum, and apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 36: 2017-2024, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4995].
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous interleukin (IL)-37 on the biological characteristics of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the chemotaxis of regulatory T (Treg) cells. METHODS: After isolating the CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells from the peripheral blood, flow cytometry was used to detect the purity of the Treg cells. A549 cells were divided into blank (no transfection), empty plasmid (transfection with pIRES2-EGFP empty plasmid) or IL-37 group (transfection with pIRES2-EGFP-IL-37 plasmid). RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of IL-37 and ELISA to determine IL-37 and MMP-9 expressions. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein expressions of PCNA, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, CDK4, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. MTT assay, flow cytometry, scratch test and transwell assay were performed to detect cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Effect of exogenous IL-37 on the chemotaxis of Treg cells was measured through transwell assay. Xenograft models in nude mice were eastablished to detect the impact of IL-37 on A549 cells. RESULTS: The IL-37 group had a higher IL-37 expression, cell apoptosis in the early stage and percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase than the blank and empty plasmid groups. The IL-37 group had a lower MMP-9 expression, optical density (OD), percentage of cells in the S and G2/M phases, migration, invasion and chemotaxis of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells. The xenograft volume and weight of nude mice in the IL-37 group were lower than those in the blank and empty plasmid groups. Compared with the blank and empty plasmid groups, the IL-37 group had significantly reduced expression of PCNA, Ki-67, Cyclin D1 and CDK4 but elevated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. CONCLUSION: Therefore, exogenous IL-37 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells as well as the chemotaxis of Treg cells while promoting the apoptosis of A549 cells.
Subject(s)
Chemotaxis/drug effects , Chemotaxis/immunology , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/immunology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Biomarkers , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Interleukin-1/genetics , Interleukin-1/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Mice , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Young AdultABSTRACT
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CC chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) and interleukin-37 (IL-37) on the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. pDsRed-CCL22 and pEGFP-IL-37 plasmids were constructed. A549 cells were divided into six groups: the control, the pDsRed-N1 blank plasmid, the pEGFP-C1 blank plasmid, the pDsRed-CCL22 plasmid, the pEGFPIL-37 plasmid and the pDsRed-CCL22 + pEGFP-IL-37 plasmid group. Expression levels and localization of CCL22 and IL-37 in cells were detected by confocal microscopy. Phase-contrast microscopy was applied for observing cellular morphology. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used for detecting the mRNA levels of vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin, and their protein expression levels were tested using western blotting. Constructed plasmids expressed CCL22 and IL-37, both of which had a co-localization in the cell membrane. MTT assay and cell observation results revealed that CCL22 and IL-37 inhibited the proliferation and EMT process of the A549 cells. The results of RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that decreased vimentin and N-cadherin mRNA and protein expression levels, and increased E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression levels were found in the pDsRed-CCL22 plasmid, pEGFP-IL-37 plasmid and pDsRedCCL22 + pEGFPIL-37 plasmid groups when compared with the control, the pDsRed-N1 blank plasmid and the pEGFP-C1 blank plasmid groups (all P<0.05), and decreased vimentin and N-cadherin mRNA and protein expression levels and increased E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression levels were found in the pDsRedCCL22 + pEGFPIL-37 plasmid group when compared with the pDsRed-CCL22 plasmid and the pEGFPIL-37 plasmid groups (all P<0.05). CCL22 and IL-37 with a co-localization in the A549 cells inhibited the proliferation and EMT process in A549 cells. The antitumor effects of CCL22 and IL37 provide a strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
