Global research landscape and emerging trends in Graves' disease: A bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Graves' disease is a prevalent thyroid disorder and is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism. Significant progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease. However, bibliometric analyses on Graves' disease are lacking. We aimed to comprehensively summarize the research, progression, and focal points of Graves' disease through data mining and integrated analysis of the existing literature. METHODS: We retrieved relevant literature on Graves' disease from 2003 to 2023 from the Web of Science database. We performed bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and the R package Bibliometrix. RESULTS: We identified 10,901 publications from 132 countries, with a steady rise in the number of publications over the past 5 years. The US leads in publication volume, with the University of California System being the primary contributing institution. The journal Thyroid had the highest publication output, while the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism was the most frequently cited. These publications involved 2305 authors, with Antonelli Alessandro and Smith Terry being the most prolific. The most frequently cited articles were the "2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis" and the "Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves' orbitopathy guidelines for the management of Graves' orbitopathy." Analysis of the bursts of cited references, keywords, and their clustering revealed that research on Graves' disease predominantly centers on clinical management, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, thyroid hormones, autoimmunity and inflammation, Graves' ophthalmopathy, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study to summarize progress and trends in Graves' disease research. These results highlight recent research hotspots and promising directions, thereby providing a valuable reference for other scholars.

Electrochemically reversible foam enhanced flushing for PAHs-contaminated soil: Stability of surfactant foam, effects of soil factors, and surfactant reversible recovery.

Although surfactant foams enhanced-remediation for PAHs-contaminated soil has been proved to be an effective method, lack of simple/economic surfactant recovery methods from the eluent solutions limit its further remediation application for organic contaminated soil. Here, we prepared a electrochemically reversible ferrocene surfactant FcCH2N+(CH3)C12H25 (Fc12), then investigated the foaming ability and foam stability of Fc12 under its reduced (active state) and oxidation (inactive state) states and explored the flushing efficiency of reduced Fc12 foam for PAHs-contaminated soil and the recovery efficiency of collected eluent solution. The results showed that the foaming ability and foam stability of reduced Fc12 are greatly higher than those of oxidized Fc12, which is indicative of a well reversibly switchable characteristic of Fc12. The contaminated soil flushing efficiencies of reduced Fc12 for phenanthrene and pyrene were 65.28% and 46.45%. The respective desorption efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene from collected eluent solutions were calculated to be 74.94% and 72.75% by electrochemical oxidation control, which indicates that Fc12 can be well recovered by simple electrochemical control. This study provides a feasible method for the recovery of surfactants from surfactant-enhanced remediation processes by simply electrochemical control.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of a CO2-Switchable Surfactant.

We computed molecular properties of a long-tail amidine surfactant (N'-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylacetamidinium bicarbonate, DDAB) through quantum mechanics (QM) method. We then used molecular dynamics (MD) computations to obtain the properties of DDAB when displaced from the center to the boundary surface. The QM calculation results indicated that the mono-dentate type of bindings between polar head group and HCO-3 ion was more likely to be adopted. The MD results indicated that the HCO-3 ions could pass the energy barrier surrounding the head groups to form stable ion pairs. Meanwhile, the surfactant molecules aggregated very quickly, and absorbed in a direction pointed from the bulk center to the boundary. These results indicated that hydrophobic correlations of alkyl chains are the driving force for boundary adsorption of DDAB.