The clinical diagnosis and treatment of the shoulder terrible tetrad: a case report and literature review.

Traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is often associated with anterior glenoid fracture or bankart injury. It can also be associated with rotator cuff injury, humeral greater tuberosity fracture, or brachial plexus injury. However, there are few clinical reports of all the above-mentioned injuries at the same time. We report a case of the left "Shoulder terrible tetrad." After closed reduction of the left shoulder dislocation, we performed one-stage arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repair (Chinese-Way technique) and anchor repair of the bony bankart injury. After 2 years follow-up, the left shoulder function recovered well and the range of motion was satisfactory. A detailed physical examination and electromyography (EMG) examination should be performed in time to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, when the clinical manifestation of brachial plexus nerve injury appears after shoulder dislocation. The repairable rotator cuffs tears and bankart injuries can be repaired under shoulder arthroscopy in one stage.

Recyclable adsorbents based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles on lanthanum-modified montmorillonite for the efficient phosphate removal.

Montmorillonite (MMT) clay modified with lanthanum (La) ions and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was proposed for the effective removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the adsorbent using FTIR, SEM, XRD, XPS, XRF, BET and VSM techniques were carried out. The effects of initial phosphate concentration, contact time, dosage and pH on the phosphorus adsorption were investigated. La-MMT/Fe3O4 exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of up to 14.35 mg/g, with 97.8% removal within 60 min. Langmuir isotherm model fits well with the equilibrium isotherm data, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.53 mg/g at room temperature. The kinetic study was well fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by liquid-film diffusion. The manufactured adsorbent was effectively regenerated using 0.1 M NaOH solutions, with 90.18% adsorption efficiency remaining after six adsorption/desorption cycles. These results demonstrate that La-MMT/Fe3O4 provides an example of regenerable high-performance adsorbents for removal of PO43- from wastewater.

High-efficiency Ni2+-NTA/PAA magnetic beads with specific separation on His-tagged protein.

To effective capture and universal enrichment of His-tagged protein, polyacrylic acid (PAA) brushes were used to encapsulate Fe3O4 nanoparticles, connect NTA, and Ni2+ to prepare magnetic beads. These materials provide many advantages, such as excellent stability, tuneable particle size, and a surface for further functionalisation with biomolecules. His-tagged green fluorescence protein (GFP) was separated efficiently, and the binding capacity of Fe3O4/MPS@PAA/NTA-Ni2+ was 93.4 mg/g. Compared with High-Affinity Ni-NTA Resin and Ni-NTA Magnetic Agarose Beads, Fe3O4/MPS@PAA/NTA-Ni2+ nanocomposites exhibited higher separation efficiency and binding capacity towards His-tagged GFP. Moreover, the selectivity and recyclability of them for the target proteins were maintained well after six cycles. This study would widen the application of PAA in constructing multifunctional nanocomposites for biomedical fields.

Silver triethanolamine-loaded PVB/CO films for a potential liquid bandage application.

Many studies have reported that silver has excellent antibacterial properties. However, silver ions can easily react with oxygen to form Ag2O, thus leading to a color change and a reduction in its anti-microbial characteristics. In this study, silver triethanolamine- (ST) loaded PVB/CO solution was prepared as a potential candidate liquid bandage. PVB/CO/ST retained high transparency after exposure to light for 12 months, which allowed convenient inspection of the wound bed without removal of the dressing. The PVB/CO/ST film exhibited favorable properties, such as speed of drying, excellent tensile strength and elongation characteristics and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). It was comfortable and waterproof, and therefore effective at preventing bacterial invasion, providing effective biosafety. PVB/CO/ST solution-treated wounds exhibited accelerated healing and reduced inflammation in a nude mouse mode. Our data suggested that PVB/CO/ST solution could serve as a promising liquid bandage for treatment of minor trauma.

[Gene Analysis of Thalassemia in Han and Dai Ethnic Childbearing-aged Population of Chinese Yunnan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common mutation spectrum of α- and ß-thalassemia in Yunnan childbearing-aged population. METHODS: The common mutation types of α- or ß-globin genes were detected by multiple Gap-PCR and the PCR-reversed dot blotting, and the unknown mutation types were determined by DNA sequencing in DNA samples of hypochromic microcytic anemia patients and carriers who were confirmed to be positive by serologic screaning, then the mutation types of globin in Yunnan population were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 40 kinds of mutation types were detected in 685 detected persons, among them the 3 commonest mutation types of α-globin genes were --(SEA)/αα (49.09%), -α(3.7)/αα (36.67%) and α(CS)α/αα (8.79%), the 3 commonest genetypes of ß-globin gene were CD26(GAG>AAG)/N (43.78%), CD41-42(-CTTT)/N (20.1%) and CD17(AAG>TAG)/N (18.9%). There were 348 Han and 212 Dai ethnic persons in 685 cases, but their mutation of globin genes were different between these 2 ethnic groups. The results also showed that the gene mutation types were mostly concentrated in Dai ethnic individuals, since 28 of 38 detected α-ß-thalassemia cases were Dai ethnic individuals. CONCLUSION: The mutation spectrums of α- and ß-globin genes in Yunnan childbearing-aged population are diverse and different from that in other areas of China.

[Inhibition of microRNA-23a increases cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells: the possible molecular mechanisms].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in cisplatin sensitivity of resistant ovarian cancer A2780 cells after inhibition of miR-23a expression and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The drug-resistant ovarian cancer A2780 cells were exposed to cisplatin alone or in combination with antagomir-23a. The cell inhibition rates after the treatments were detected using MTT assay, cell cycle changes assessed with flow cytometry; and apoptotic cells observed using Hoechst33258 staining. The changes in glycoprotein P-gp expression in the cells were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: Inhibition of miR-23 a combined with cisplatin treatment significantly increased the cell inhibition rate (P<0.01) and lowered the IC(50) so of cisplatin by 83.76% from 110.18 µmol/L in the control group to 17.89 µmol/L (P<0.01). The combined treatments also caused cell cycle arrestin G0/G1 phase, increased the cell apoptosis rate (P<0.01) and the number of cells stained with Hoechst33258; the cellular expression of P-gp protein was significantly reduced as the cisplatin doses increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-23a expression increases the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin possibly by inhibiting the negative regulation by miR-23a target genes that causes inhibition of P-gp protein expression.

Enhancement of mucosal immune responses by intranasal co-delivery of Newcastle disease vaccine plus CpG oligonucleotide in SPF chickens in vivo.

Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals.

Intranasal administration of CpG oligonucleotides induces mucosal and systemic Type 1 immune responses and adjuvant activity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome killed virus vaccine in piglets in vivo.

Oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are strong adjuvants for immune responses, particularly in mice. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in piglets are scarce. We have previously demonstrated that CpG ODN is a potent adjuvant to pseudorabies attenuated virus (PRV) vaccine when administered subcutaneously (SC) in newborn piglets. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) killed virus vaccine (PRRSV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in feces, nasal and oral secretions) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated both T-helper type1 (Type 1) (IgG2) and Type 2 (IgA) responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN may be effective as a mucosal adjuvant with commercial vaccine in husbandry animals.

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides augment the immune responses of piglets to swine Pasteurella multocida living vaccine in vivo.

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) prevent development of T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response and reverse established allergic responses in mouse models. However, little work on immune responses in piglets has been conducted in vivo. In this report, the ability of a porcine-specific CpG ODN to act as an immunostimulant and enhance immune responses of piglets to swine Pasteurella multocida living vaccine (SPML vaccine) was determined. The titre of IgG and IgG1/IgG2 isotype to SPML vaccine in serum, the proliferation of lymphocytes, SPML-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4 production of PBMCs in vitro and IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 in piglets serum were examined to identify the immune responses of the piglets. Immune responses of the piglets vaccinated with SPML and CpG ODN were significantly stronger than responses of piglets vaccinated with SPML alone. All these data summarized that immunostimulatory CpG ODN could modulate the immune response towards a Th1-like response when co-administered to piglets during SPML vaccination, which suggested that the therapeutic uses envisioned for these ODNs (as vaccine adjuvants and immunoprotective agents) may be applicable to husbandry animals.

In vivo effects of oligodeoxynucleotides containing synthetic immunostimulatory motifs in weaned piglets.

The innate immunostimulatory effects of CpG ODN have been demonstrated in mouse, monkey, sheep and chicken in some reports. Unfortunately, little work has been carried out with regard to their effects on the innate immune system of weaned piglets. In this study, the proportion of CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes subpopulations and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in serum, proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were tested at different time-points. The results suggested that, the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio decreased significantly in weaned piglets inoculated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) alone, however, it was stable in CpG ODN-inoculated piglets. Proliferation of PBMCs and IFN-gamma levels of CpG ODN-injected piglets were significantly higher than those of PBS-injected piglets. The ODN-induced responses were stronger in animals injected with CpG ODN formulated in 30% emulsigen than in PBS and alum. The innate immunostimulatory activity of CpG ODN appeared to be in dose-dependent manner. These in vivo data demonstrate for the first time that CpG ODN can stimulate innate immune system in weaned piglets.