ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Invasive Salmonella infections are highly prevalent worldwide. Clinical data of childhood invasive Salmonella infections from China are limited. METHODS: Data of hospitalized children <18 years old with invasive Salmonella infections from 2016 to 2020 in Shenzhen Children's Hospital in Shenzhen were retrospectively collected. Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the invasive Salmonella isolates were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-three cases were enrolled during the 5-year study period including 8 in 2016, 11 in 2017, 16 in 2018, 6 in 2019 and 22 in 2020. The median age was 15 months (interquartile range, 11-22 months), and 79.4% (50 cases) were <2 years of age. Underlying diseases were found in 28.6% (18 cases) of the patients with a great variety, but no cases of malaria or HIV infection were identified. Most of the invasive Salmonella cases were bloodstream infections (84.1%), followed by osteoarthritis (11.1%) and meningitis (4.8%). Gastroenteritis (49.2%) and pneumonia (28.6%) were found to be the major manifestations among the patients. Furthermore, invasive Salmonella infections resulted in the death of 3 children (4.8%). Salmonella enteritis (12 cases; 15.9%) and Salmonella typhimurium (9 cases; 19.0%) as the most common serovars were identified. The resistance rates of Salmonella strains to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefepime were also measured to be 17.5%, 17.5% and 9.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of childhood invasive Salmonella infections with a broad range of serotypes was observed in Shenzhen, China. It is critical to pay attention to the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates taken from children with invasive Salmonella infections.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Salmonella Infections , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , China/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective Studies , Salmonella Infections/drug therapy , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella typhimuriumABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To obtain the normative values of the testis volume of 0ï¼14 years old Chinese boys by ultrasound measurement. METHODS: We collected the testicular ultrasound data on 1607 Chinese boys with normal testes between January 2016 and June 2019. The boys were aged 0ï¼14 years and divided into 14 age groups, with at least 100 cases in each group. We compared the mean, standard deviation and median of the testis volume among different age groups. RESULTS: The testis grew slowly in volume before 8 years old (0.372ï¼0.678 ml), faster after 9 years old (1.040ï¼4.600 ml), (1.040 ± 0.970) ml at 9ï¼10 years, (1.876 ± 1.631) ml at 10ï¼11 years, (2.831 ± 2.155) ml at 11ï¼12 years, (3.640 ± 2.376) ml at 12ï¼13 years, and (4.600 ± 3.559) ml at 13ï¼14 years, larger in the 0ï¼1 than in the 1ï¼2 years group (ï¼»0.403 ± 0.130ï¼½ vs ï¼»0.372 ± 0.110ï¼½ ml, P = 0.04), negatively correlated in age between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is an effective method for the measurement of the testis volume, which can provide the normative values of the testis volume of the 0ï¼14 years old Chinese boys and some evidence for clinical diagnosis and consultation.