Dynamic and its driving factors of soil potential acid in croplands of Fujian Province, China.

Soil potential acid is one of the potential factors limiting plant growth, and also an important base in soil acidity regulation. The potential acid and pH value of surface soil samples of cultivated lands in Fujian Province were proportionally selected and measured, and then the optimized relational model between soil pH and potential acid value was fitted. The 1:50 000 databases of cropland soil potential acid in 1982, 2008 and 2016 were established by using the topsoil pH data of 36777, 236445 and 21269 sampling sites collected in 1982, 2008 and 2016 respectively. The dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province and its driving factors were explored by the integrative method of GIS and grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the quantities of soil potential acid in cropland generally increased in Fujian Province from 1982 to 2016. Compared with 1982, the averages of soil potential acid in 2008 and 2016 increased 1.30 and 1.49 cmol·kg-1, respectively. The increase rate of soil potential acid from 1982 to 2008 was 0.03 cmol·kg-1·a-1 higher than that from 2008 to 2016. Meanwhile, the changes of cropland soil potential acid showed significant spatial difference. The change of cropland soil potential acid in Sanming was minimum, and the change in Longyan was maximum, being four times higher than that in Sanming. The change of soil potential acid in different use types of cropland was following the order: paddy field > irrigated land > dry land. The changes of soil potential acid in acid sulfate paddy soils, gleyed paddy soils and submergenic paddy soils were maximum, which were one time higher than the mean change across the whole Province, while the changes in latosolic red earths and salinized paddy soils were minimum, which were 25.7% and 28.4% of the mean change in the Province, respectively. The driving factors for the dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province included the application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content, pH and silt content, with grey correlation coefficient (absolute value) being higher than 0.92. Accordingly, it would be an effective approach to slow down the increase of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province to optimize fertilization management and apply alkaline ameliorant scientifically.

Human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract illness in Changsha, China.

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, however, information about the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of LRTIs caused by HMPV and HBoV in China is limited. OBJECTIVES: Human bocavirus (HBoV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are two important viruses for children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). We aimed to assay the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of HBoV and HMPV with LRTI in Changsha, China. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from children with LRTI were collected. Real-time PCR was used to screen HBoV and HMPV. Analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS: Pneumonia was the most frequent diagnosis. There was no significant difference between HBoV- and HMPV-positive patients in age (P = .506) or hospitalization duration (P = .280); 24.1% and 18.2% were positive for HBoV and HMPV. HBoV infections peaked in summer (32.2%), and HMPV infections peaked in winter (28.9%). The HBoV-positive patients had a shorter hospitalization duration than the HBoV-negative patients (P = .021), and the HMPV-positive patients had a higher prevalence of fever than the HMPV-negative patients (P = .002). The HBoV viral load was significantly higher among patients aged <1 year (P = .006). The mean HBoV and HMPV viral loads were not significantly different between patients with single infections and coinfections. Patients infected with HBoV only were older than those coinfected with HBoV and other respiratory viruses (P = .005). No significant difference was found in the clinical characteristics of patients infected with HMPV only and those coinfected with HMPV and other respiratory viruses. CONCLUSION: Pneumonia was the most frequent diagnosis caused by HBoV and HMPV. Neither HBoV nor HMPV viral load was correlated with disease severity.

Accuracy of 16/18G core needle biopsy for ultrasound-visible breast lesions.

BACKGROUND: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound-guided 16G or 18G core needle biopsy (CNB) for ultrasound-visible breast lesions, and to analyze the effects of lesion features. METHODS: Between July 2005 and July 2012, 4,453 ultrasound-detected breast lesions underwent ultrasound-guided CNB and were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical excision was performed for 955 lesions (566 with 16G CNB and 389 with 18G CNB) which constitute the basis of the study. Histological findings were compared between the ultrasound-guided CNB and the surgical excision to determine sensitivity, false-negative rate, agreement rate, and underestimation rate, according to different lesion features. RESULTS: Final pathological results were malignant in 84.1% (invasive carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, lymphoma, and metastases), high-risk in 8.4% (atypical lesions, papillary lesions, and phyllodes tumors), and benign in 7.5%. False-negative rates were 1.4% for 16G and 18G CNB. Agreement rates between histological findings of CNB and surgery were 92.4% for 16G and 92.8% for 18G CNB. Overall underestimate rates (high-risk CNB becoming malignant on surgery and ductal carcinoma in situ becoming invasive carcinoma) were 47.4% for 16G and 48.9% for 18G CNB. Agreements were better for mass lesions (16G: 92.7%; 18G: 93.7%) than for non-mass lesions (16G, 85.7%; 18G, 78.3%) (P <0.01). For mass lesions with a diameter ≤10 mm, the agreement rates (16G, 83.3%; 18G, 86.7%) were lower (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided 16G and 18G CNB are accurate for evaluating ultrasound-visible breast mass lesions with a diameter >10 mm.

[Underestimation of papillary breast lesions at ultrasound-guided breast biopsy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the underestimation of papillary breast lesions diagnosed at ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. METHODS: Totally 4453 ultrasound-guided visible breast lesions that were identified in the Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, from April 2005 to April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 207 papillary lesions that were detected by histologic findings of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy(US-CNB), 90 underwent surgical excision, 110 were followed up for at least one year, and 7 were lost to follow-up. The histological findings of the US-CNB and the findings of surgical excision were compared to analyze the underestimation rates according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System(BI-RADS)categories of American College of Radiology(ACR)and biopsy methods. RESULTS: Of the 90 papillary lesions underwent surgical excision, 29(32.2%)were underestimated, and 22 malignant lesions were underestimated(24.4%). Of the 23 papillomata with atypical ductal hyperplasia(IDP+ADH), 11(47.8%)were upgraded to malignant. Of the 137 benign intraductal papilloma(IDP)with concordance imaging-histologic findings, 8 lesions were underestimated(5.8%), whereas 10 out of 25(40.0%)IDP with diacordant imaging-histologic findings were underestimated. In total, 17.9% understimation were biopsied by 18G core needle biopsy(CNB)(P=0.017)and 16.0% by 16G CNB(P=0.023), which were significantly higher than vacuum-assisted biopsy(VAB). CONCLUSIONS: VAB is more accurate than 16G or 18G CNB in detecting papillary breast lesions. For high underestimations of IDP+ADH and IDP with discordant imaging-histologic findings, VAB or surgical excisions should be performed.