Effects of different rootstocks grafting on selenium accumulation in Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil.

The effects of rootstocks tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) grafting on the growth and selenium (Se) accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. seedlings were studied to identify the most suitable rootstock for increasing Se uptake of fruit trees grown in Se-contaminated soil. The rootstocks of tomato, eggplant, and nightshade grafting increased the scion biomass of C. betacea seedlings by 146.1%, 23.2%, and 94.5%, respectively, compared with the un-grafted seedlings. Moreover, tomato, eggplant, and nightshade rootstocks grafting increased the photosynthesis, superoxide dismutase activity, and peroxidase activity, while reducing the catalase activity and soluble protein content of C. betacea seedlings. Although all three rootstocks grafting decreased Se contents in rootstock roots and stems, only nightshade rootstock grafting increased Se content in the scions of C. betacea seedlings. Notably, root biomass, catalase activity, soluble protein content, rootstock root Se content, and rootstock stem Se content were closely related to the scion Se content. These findings suggest that only grafting onto nightshade rootstock significantly enhances Se uptake in C. betacea, whereas tomato and eggplant rootstocks grafting have no effect on Se uptake.

This study shows that under selenium (Se)-contaminated soil conditions, tomato, eggplant, and nightshade rootstocks can promote the growth of C. betacea seedlings and improve their stress resistance. The nightshade rootstock stands out for its ability to promote Se uptake in C. betacea seedlings, suggesting its suitability as a promising rootstock to enhance both growth and Se uptake in C. betacea.

Deciphering the Nitrogen Fixation Gene Cluster in Vibrio natriegens: A Study on Optimized Expression and Application of Nitrogenase.

Microbial nitrogen fixation presents a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, yet the limited colonization and specificity of naturally occurring nitrogen-fixing microorganisms present significant challenges to their widespread application. In this study, we identified a nitrogen fixation gene cluster (VNnif) in Vibrio natriegens (VN) and tested its nitrogenase activity through the acetylene reduction assay. We investigated the potential utilization of nitrogenase by incorporating the nitrogenase gene cluster from VN into plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and enhancing its activity to 48.16 nmol C2H2/mg/h through promoter replacement and cluster rearrangement. The engineered strain CHA0-PVNnif was found to positively impact the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana col-0 and Triticum aestivum L. (wheat). This study expanded the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and provided a research foundation for enhancing nitrogenase activity.

Water extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara straw increases selenium accumulation in peach seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil.

To promote the selenium (Se) uptakes in fruit trees under Se-contaminated soil, the effects of water extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara straw on the Se accumulation in peach seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil were studied. The results showed that the root biomass, chlorophyll content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and soluble protein content of peach seedlings were increased by the F. dibotrys straw extract. The different forms of Se (total Se, inorganic Se, and organic Se) were also increased in peach seedlings following treatment with the F. dibotrys straw extract. The highest total shoot Se content was treated by the 300-fold dilution of F. dibotrys straw, which was 30.87% higher than the control. The F. dibotrys straw extract also increased the activities of adenosine triphosphate sulfurase (ATPS), and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) in peach seedlings, but decreased the activity of serine acetyltransferase (SAT). Additionally, correlation and grey relational analyses revealed that chlorophyll a content, APR activity, and root biomass were closely associated with the total shoot Se content. Overall, this study shows that the water extract of F. dibotrys straw can promote Se uptake in peach seedlings, and 300-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration.

The water extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara straw promoted the selenium (Se) uptake in peach seedlings under selenium-contaminated soil. The concentration of F. dibotrys straw extract showed a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the total root and shoot Se. Furthermore, chlorophyll a content, APR activity, and root biomass were closely associated with the total shoot Se. This study shows that water extract of F. dibotrys straw can promote Se uptake in peach seedlings, and 300-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration.

Effects of exogenous melatonin on sugar and organic acid metabolism in early-ripening peach fruits.

To evaluated the effects melatonin (MT) on the sugar and acid metabolism of early-ripening peach fruits, the concentration of 150 µmol/L MT was sprayed on the leaves of peach trees. MT increased the contents of total soluble sugar and sucrose in peach fruits during the whole ripening period, and increased the contents of glucose and sorbitol at the mature stage. During the whole ripening period, MT also increased the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, neutral invertase, and acidic invertase and the relative expression levels of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, neutral invertase, and acidic invertase genes, while decreased the activity of sorbitol oxidase and the relative expression level of sorbitol dehydrogenase to some extent. Moreover, MT decreased the contents of total organic acid, malic acid, and citric acid at mature stage. At mature stage, MT decreased the activities of citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and the relative expression levels of citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes, while increased the relative expression levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)-malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, and aconitase genes. Therefore, MT promotes the sugar accumulation and organic acid degradation in early-ripening peach fruits.

3D Foot Anthropometric Measurements Under Two Weight- Bearing Conditions for Ergonomic Design of Foot-Related Products / Mediciones Antropométricas del Pie en 3D Bajo Dos Condiciones de Soporte de Peso para el Diseño Ergonómico de Productos Relacionados con los Pies

SUMMARY: This study collected 3D models of the left and right feet from 317 Chinese youth (155 females and 162 males) under half weight-bearing and no weight-bearing conditions. Thirteen dimensions and one angle were taken for each sample. By measuring 13 foot dimensions and 1 angle, this study comprehensively investigated the differences in foot shape between genders and the bilateral differences, as well as the foot shape differences under different conditions. The results showed that regardless of the condition, male foot dimensions were significantly larger than those of females. However, female foot shape was not simply a scaled-down version of male foot shape. On the contrary, the average angle of female feet was greater than that of males under both conditions, indicating a higher prevalence of hallux valgus in females. Both males and females exhibited significant correlation in foot dimensions between the left and right feet, with minimal differences. Under the half weight-bearing condition, the average foot length, width, and circumference were significantly larger than the corresponding measurements under the no weight-bearing condition, while the average height and angle were significantly smaller. Therefore, when designing footwear and foot-related medical rehabilitation aids, it is important to consider foot shape and dimensions under different conditions as a reference. The results of this study provide manufacturers of foot- related products with more detailed data support and are of significant value to the field of medical foot morphology research.

Este estudio recolectó modelos 3D de los pies izquierdo y derecho de 317 jóvenes chinos (155 mujeres y 162 hombres) en condiciones de carga media de peso y sin carga de peso. Para cada muestra se tomaron trece dimensiones y un ángulo. Al medir 13 dimensiones del pie y 1 ángulo, se investigó exhaustivamente las diferencias en la forma del pie entre ambos sexos y sus diferencias bilaterales, así como las diferencias en la forma del pie en diferentes condiciones. Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente de la condición, las dimensiones del pie de los hombres, estos eran significativamente más grandes que los de las mujeres. Sin embargo, la forma del pie femenino no era simplemente una versión reducida de la forma del pie masculino. Por el contrario, el ángulo promedio de los pies de las mujeres fue mayor que el de los hombres en ambas condiciones, lo que indica una mayor prevalencia de hallux valgus en las mujeres. Tanto hombres como mujeres exhibieron una correlación significativa en las dimensiones del pie, entre el pie izquierdo y el derecho, con diferencias mínimas. Bajo la condición de medio soporte de peso, la longitud, el ancho y la circunferencia promedio del pie fueron significativamente mayores que las medidas correspondientes bajo la condición sin soporte de peso, mientras que la altura y el ángulo promedio fueron significativamente más pequeños. Por lo tanto, al diseñar calzado y dispositivos médicos de rehabilitación relacionados con los pies, es importante tener en consideración la forma y las dimensiones del pie en diferentes condiciones como referencia. Los resultados de este estudio, brindan a los fabricantes de productos relacionados con los pies un soporte de datos más detallado y son de gran valor para el campo de la investigación médica de la morfología del pie.

Withdrawn: CircTDRD3 aggravates H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via targeting miR-4295/TP63 axis.

The above article, published online on 5 December 2022, on Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.23003), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Hari Bhat, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. The withdrawal has been agreed due to a technical error at the publisher that caused the article to be mistakenly published online although publication had been canceled because the authors did not approve their proof.

Deciphering the Heterogeneity of the Internal Environment of Hippocampal Neurons during Maturation by Raman Spectroscopy.

Hippocampal neurons are sensitive to changes in the internal environment and play a significant role in controlling learning, memory, and emotions. A remarkable characteristic of the aging brain is its ability to shift from a state of normal inflammation to excessive inflammation. Various cognitive abilities of the elderly may suffer from serious harm due to the change in the neural environment. Hippocampal neurons may have various subsets involved in controlling their internal environment at different stages of development. Developmental differences may eventually result from complex changes in the dynamic neuronal system brought on by metabolic changes. In this study, we used an in vitro hippocampal neuron model cultured in C57BL/6J mice in conjugation with Raman spectroscopy to examine the relative alterations in potential biomarkers, such as levels of metabolites in the internal environment of hippocampal neurons at various developmental stages. The various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of hippocampal neurons at various developmental stages were simultaneously screened using bioinformatics, and the biological functions as well as the various regulatory pathways of DEGs were preliminarily analyzed, providing an essential reference for investigating novel therapeutic approaches for diseases that cause cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's disease. A stable hippocampal neuron model was established using the GIBCO C57BL/6J hippocampal neuron cell line as a donor and in vitro hippocampal neuron culture technology. The Raman peak intensities of culture supernatants from the experimental groups incubated for 0, 7, and 14 days in vitro(DIV) were examined. The GEO database was used to screen for different DEGs associated with various developmental stages. The data was then analyzed using a statistical method called orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The levels of ketogenic and glycogenic amino acids (such as tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine), lipid intake rate, glucose utilization rate, and nucleic acid expression in the internal environment of hippocampal neurons were significantly different in the 14 DIV group compared to the 0 DIV and 7 DIV groups (P < 0.01). The top 10 DEGs with neuronal maturation were screened, and the results were compared to the OPLS-DA model's analysis of the differential peaks. It was found that different genes involved in maturation can directly relate to changes in the body's levels of ketogenic and glycogenic amino acids (P < 0.01). The altered expression of the maturation-related genes epidermal growth factor receptor, protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta, discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2, and Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 may be connected to the altered uptake of ketogenic and glycogenic amino acids and nucleic acids in the internal environment of neurons at different developmental stages. The levels of ketogenic, glycogenic amino acids, and lipid intake increased while glucose utilization decreased, which may be related to mature neurons' metabolism and energy use. The decline in nucleic acid consumption could be connected to synaptic failure. The Raman spectroscopy fingerprint results of relevant biomarkers in conjugation with multivariable analysis and biological action targets suggested by differential genes interpret the heterogeneity of the internal environment of mature hippocampal neurons in the process of maturation, open a new idea for exploring the dynamic mechanism of the exchange energy metabolism of information molecules in the internal environment of hippocampal neurons, and provide a new method for studying this process.

Big Data Analysis of Manufacturing and Preclinical Studies of Nanodrug-Targeted Delivery Systems: A Literature Review.

Objective: Nanodelivery is a modern technology involving improved delivery methods and drug formulations. The current development and initial applications of nanocarriers are pointing to new directions in the current development of nanomedicine. Researchers are increasingly applying nanodelivery to the delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. This article discusses the preparation and application of nanocomplexes and nanoparticles, as well as their potential future value in clinical research. Through a review and analysis, it is hoped that this will serve as a guide for the future development of various nanodelivery technologies and help researchers learn more about these technologies. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords "Nano drug delivery" or "Nanomedical materials" or "Nano". A literature search was conducted in three major databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using the keywords such as "Nano drug delivery", "Nanomedical materials", or "Nanobubble drug delivery". The initial search was screened by title and abstract. In the full-text review, the titles or abstracts were reviewed according to the selection criteria based on the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias and study quality was assessed according to the Cochrane guidelines, and possible biases such as selection bias and good selection bias were included in the review. Results: A total of 297 studies were included in this study, of which 219 were excluded based on the screening criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 78 studies, the majority of which were original studies and clinical trials, and a small number of which provided design and route of administration analysis of nanomaterial particles and effect fluorograms and were studied in more depth. This paper summarises and reviews the views and directions of the included articles. The main directions include cyclodextrin-based or grafted cyclodextrin nanomaterials, nanobubbles, and stimuli-sensitive and temperature-sensitive nanodelivery systems. Conclusion: The use of innovative, targeted drug delivery systems is effective in cancer drug delivery by summarising the previous studies. However, nanodelivery systems' risks and therapeutic effects need to be evaluated before clinical application. Future research in the field of targeted drug delivery nanosystems should focus on the development of nanocarriers with high in vivo delivery capacity, good synergy with therapeutic agents, and milder short-term and long-term toxicological effects and conduct comprehensive preclinical trials on nanodrug delivery systems with high potential for clinical application as soon as possible, to find nanodrug delivery systems suitable for clinical use and put them into the clinical application as soon as possible.

ARTP and NTG compound mutations improved Cry protein production and virulence of Bacillus thuringiensis X023.

A high production mutated strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023PN (BtX023PN) was screened from the wild strain Bacillus thuringiensis X023 (BtX023) after atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutation. BtX023PN grows faster than the wild strain, and its lysis of mother cell was 6 h ahead BtX023, but the ability of sporulation was significantly reduced. Bioassay indicated that compared with the wild type strain, the virulence of BtX023PN against Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) and Mythimna seperata (M. seperata) increased to 2.33-fold and 2.13-fold respectively. qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the production of Cry1Ac increased by 61%. Resequence indicated that the mutated sites enriched on the key carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This study provides a new strain resource for the development of Bt insecticides and a feasible technical strategy for the breeding of Bt. KEY POINTS: • Atmospheric and room temperature plasma used in breeding of Bacillus thuringiensis. • Less stationary phase time with more ICP production. • Semi-lethal concentration against Plutella xylostella reduced by about 57.

Comparative Study of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 on the Intestinal Flora and Antibacterial Activity Against Aeromonas of Grass Carp.

Beneficial microorganisms to control bacterial diseases has been widely used in aquaculture, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaX030) as a probiotic feed additive was a commonly biological control method. Added sucrose promoted the growth of BaX030, and the yield of its antibacterial substance macrolactin A was enhanced by 1.46-fold. A total of 2055 proteins were screened through proteomics, with 143 upregulated and 307 downregulated. Differential protein expression analysis and qRT-PCR verification showed that the pentose phosphate pathway and the fatty acid synthesis pathway were upregulated, thereby providing sufficient energy and precursors for the synthesis of macrolactin A. The influence of some potential regulatory factors (SecG, LiaI, MecG and ComG) on macrolactin A was discovered. After grass carp were fed with BaX030, the abundance of probiotics (Fusobacterium, Proteobacteria, Gemmobacter) were higher than the control group, and the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (Planctomycetes, Aeromonas) were significantly lower than the control group. The cell and challenge experiments showed that BaX030 can significantly increase the expression of C3 and IL8 in the liver and kidney, which decreases the risk of immune organ disease. Moreover, BaX030 effectively reduced the mortality of grass carp. The results revealed that BaX030 can significantly improve the structure of the intestinal flora, enhance immunity and it is beneficial to the control of grass carp Aeromonas.

Microbial Lipopeptide Supramolecular Self-Assemblies as a Methuosis-Like Cell Death Inducer with In Vivo Antitumor Activity.

Discovering new drugs and improving action mechanisms is a promising strategy to overcome chemotherapy ineffectiveness caused by cancer cell apoptosis resistance. Natural products (like cyclic lipopeptides, CLPs) are potential sources of nonapoptotic cell death inducers and can form diverse supramolecular structures, closely relating to their bioactivities. Herein, it is found for the first time that fatty chain is the key to maintain self-assembled form and antitumor activity of microbial-derived amphiphilic CLP bacillomycin Lb (B-Lb). Compared with B-Lb analogues assemblies without antitumor activity, B-Lb supramolecular self-assemblies (including nanomicelles, nanofibers, giant micrometer rods) can be generated in a multilevel and cross-scale manner and served as a methuosis-like cell death inducer triggered by cytoplasmic vacuolation through macropinocytosis in MDA-MB-231-Luc and MCF-7 cells and in vivo tumor-bearing mice. This study will promote constructing of customized CLP micro-/nanostructures with multipurposes and functions, and boost designing of new antitumor drugs as nonapoptotic cell death modulators based on structure-activity relationship.

Modulation of Multiple Precipitates for High Strength and Ductility in Al-Cu-Mn Alloy.

The category and morphology of precipitates are essential factors in determining the mechanical behaviors of aluminum alloys. It is a great challenge to synthetically modulate multiple precipitates to simultaneously improve strength and ductility. In the present work, by optimizing the precipitations of the GP zone, θ'-approximant and θ' phase for an Al-Cu-Mn alloy, a high tensile strength of 585 MPa with large elongation of 12.35% was achieved through pre-deformation and aging. The microstructure evolution pattern was revealed by detailed characterizations of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that such high tensile strength of the samples was due to a combination of strengthening by the high density of dispersive fine precipitates and dislocations, and the high elongation to failure was primarily attributed to the multimodal precipitates and elimination of precipitation-free zones along the grain boundaries. The strategy proposed here is a promising way of preparing ultra-strong Al-Cu-Mn alloys.

Statistical analysis of shape of auricular concha for mass customization of OTC hearing aids / Análisis estadístico de la forma de la concha auricular para la personalización masiva de audífonos de venta libre

SUMMARY: A detailed data of shape of auricular concha is currently not available. Therefore, this study constructed a framework to statistically analyze the shape of the auricular concha based on a database of 3D scanned images. The 3D models of the auricular concha from 308 study participants are converted into compatible NURBS surfaces generated through 795 data points to perform a requisite statistical analysis. Subsequently, the shape of the auricular concha of the participants is grouped into 29 clusters with a modified hierarchical clustering algorithm. Finally, a wear trial and simulation test are carried out to validate the wear comfort of a designed OTC hearing aids based on the average shape of each cluster. The experimental results show that the average shape obtained as per the cluster is capable of representing the common geometric properties of their corresponding members, and could thus be used as a reference in designing mass-customized OTC hearing aid. The method in this study is superior to conventional methods that rely on sparse results for shape analysis because it takes into account the intricate geometric shape of the auricular concha. The quantitative description of conchal morphometry will be beneficial for plastic surgeons, and for the ergonomic design of ear-related products.

RESUMEN: Actualmente no se dispone de datos específicos de la forma de la concha auricular. Por lo tanto, este estudio construyó un marco para analizar estadísticamente la forma de ella a partir de una base de datos de imágenes escaneadas en 3D. Los modelos 3D de la concha auricular de 308 participantes del estudio se convirtieron en superficies NURBS compatibles generadas a través de 795 puntos de datos para realizar un análisis estadístico requerido. Posteriormente, la forma de la concha auricular de los participantes se agrupó en 29 grupos con un algoritmo de agrupamiento jerárquico modificado. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una prueba de uso y una prueba de simulación para validar la comodidad de uso de unos audífonos OTC diseñados en función de la forma promedio de cada grupo. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que la forma promedio obtenida de la concha auricular, según el grupo, es capaz de representar las propiedades geométricas comunes de sus miembros correspondientes y, por lo tanto, podría usarse como referencia en el diseño de audífonos OTC personalizados en masa. El método de este estudio es superior a los métodos convencionales que se basan en resultados escasos para el análisis de forma, porque tiene en consideración la intrincada forma geométrica de la concha auricular. La descripción cuantitativa de la morfometría de la concha auricular será beneficiosa para los cirujanos plásticos y para el diseño ergonómico de productos relacionados con el oído.

The mutated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain shows high resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii in grass carp.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was subjected to compound mutagenesis of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The results showed that, compared with the original strain, the production of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin in mutated strain N-11 increased to 39 % and 268 %, respectively. The re-sequencing analysis suggested that there were SNPs and InDels in the gene clusters focused on the sucrose utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis pathway. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that strain N-11 became thin and long. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp increased after feeding with N-11. H&E staining and protection experiments also showed that the mortality and surface symptoms of grass carp infected by the two pathogens were significantly reduced. The study identified a probiotic strain with potential application value in aquaculture production and provided a new strategy for the discovery of new strains with higher antibacterial biological activity.

iTRAQ analysis reveals the effect of gabD and sucA gene knockouts on lysine metabolism and crystal protein formation in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Lysine metabolism plays an important role in the formation of the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The genes lam, gabD and sucA encode three key enzymes of the lysine metabolic pathway in Bt4.0718. The lam gene mainly affects the cell growth at stable period, negligibly affected sporulation and insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) production. While, the deletion mutant strains of the gabD and sucA genes showed that the growth, sporulation and crystal protein formation were inhibited, cells became slender, and insecticidal activity was significantly reduced. iTRAQ proteomics and qRT-PCR used to analyse the differentially expressed protein (DEP) between the two mutant strains and the wild type strain. The functions of DEPs were visualized and statistically classified, which affect bacterial growth and metabolism by regulating biological metabolism pathways: the major carbon metabolism pathways, amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, nucleic acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis. The gabD and sucA genes in lysine metabolic pathway are closely related to the sporulation and crystal proteins formation. The effects of DEPs and functional genes on basic cellular metabolic pathways were studied to provide new strategies for the construction of highly virulent insecticidal strains, the targeted transformation of functional genes.

A comprehensive genomic and growth proteomic analysis of antitumor lipopeptide bacillomycin Lb biosynthesis in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030.

Lipopeptides (such as iturin, fengycin, and surfactin) from Bacillus possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities and have important application in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Although unremitting efforts have been devoted to improve lipopeptide production by designing gene regulatory circuits or optimizing fermentation process, little attention has been paid to utilizing multi-omics for systematically mining core genes and proteins during the bacterial growth cycle. Here, lipopeptide bacillomycin Lb from new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 was isolated and first found to have anticancer activity in various cancer cells (such as SMMC-7721 and MDA-MB-231). A comprehensive genomic and growth proteomic analysis of X030 revealed bacillomycin Lb biosynthetic gene cluster, key enzymes and potential regulatory proteins (PerR, PhoP, CcpA, and CsfB), and novel links between primary metabolism and bacillomycin Lb production in X030. The antitumor activity of the fermentation supernatant supplemented with amino acids (such as glutamic acid) and sucrose was significantly increased, verifying the role of key metabolic switches in the metabolic regulatory network. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that 7 differential expressed genes exhibited a positive correlation between changes at transcriptional and translational levels. The study not only will stimulate the deeper and wider antitumor study of lipopeptides but also provide a comprehensive database, which promotes an in-depth analysis of pathways and networks for complex events in lipopeptide biosynthesis and regulation and gives great help in improving the yield of bacillomycin Lb (media optimization, genetic modification, or pathway engineering).