ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of melatonin on acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized control trial, a total of 59 AOPP patients with subsequent delirium were randomly divided into two groups, the melatonin group (n=29) and the placebo-controlled group (n=30). Patients in the melatonin group (n=29) underwent oral administration of melatonin in addition to the symptomatic treatment, while those in the placebo-controlled group took a placebo in addition to the symptomatic treatment. Before and 12 weeks after treatment, adverse events of participants in both groups were classified according to their scores in the assessment of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-SI) scale, and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). RESULTS: The excellence rates of patients in the melatonin group and the placebo-controlled group were 82.75% and 30.00%, respectively (χ2 = 17.054, p < 0 .01). No adverse events were identified in all participants. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin may serve as an effective drug in the treatment of AOPP-induced deliration.
Subject(s)
Delirium/drug therapy , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Organophosphate Poisoning/complications , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Delirium/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Melatonin/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. AIM: To study the association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer in Chinese. METHODS: One hundred and four consecutive patients with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and 104 matched controls were examined. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma G (Ala12) allele was significantly higher among cancer patients (19.2%) than in control (8.7%; OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.8). While H. pylori infection was more prevalent in gastric cancer patients (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6-5.7), the combination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma G allele and H. pylori infection further increased the risk of gastric cancer (OR 12.8, 95% CI 3.2-50.5). The presence of the Ala12 did not increase the risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori-negative subjects. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests the potential association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphism and H. pylori infection in the development of non-cardia gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Helicobacter pylori , PPAR gamma/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/microbiology , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiologyABSTRACT
The potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors in human gene therapy is being explored for several diseases. Although sustained transgene expression and low vector-associated cellular immunity are attractive features of recombinant (r) AAV, the wider application of rAAV vectors encapsidated in serotype 2 capsid is hampered by poor transduction efficiency in many target tissues. These include ex vivo-generated dendritic cells (DC), which have demonstrated promising immunotherapeutic activity. We report here that efficient transduction of mouse bone marrow-derived DC can be achieved with self-complementary (sc) rAAV encapsidated in serotype 6 capsid. Sequential exposure of DC precursor cultures to IL-4 and GM-CSF with sc rAAV6 encoding the human tumor antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), for 7 days followed by activation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and anti-mouse CD40 antibody resulted in highly efficient transduction of DC. DC surface markers as determined by flow cytometry analysis of sc rAAV6-transduced DC were comparable to nontransduced DC. Efficiency of vector transduction and transgene expression were confirmed by immunostaining and real-time PCR. Microarray analysis of RNA from CpG ODN and CD40 antibody stimulated sc AAV6-transduced DC revealed upregulation of transcription factors and cytokines involved in immune activation and downregulation of inhibitory factors, suggesting a possible role of transcriptional activation in the observed effect. The adoptive transfer into syngeneic mice of the ex vivo-transduced and activated DC resulted in the development of CEA-specific antibody and T-helper 1-associated immune responses. Immunized mice also developed antibody to AAV6 capsid protein, which did not crossreact with AAV2 capsid protein. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of sc rAAV serotype 6-based vectors in transduction of DC for genetic vaccination approaches.
