Molecular typing and prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma based on cuprotosis-related lncRNAs.

Background: Previous research has shown the heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the different effects and prognoses of the same treatment. Cuprotosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death involved in the development of tumors. Therefore, it is important to study the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate cuprotosis to identify molecular subtypes and predict survival of LUAD. Methods: The expression profile, clinical, and mutation data of LUAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the "ConsensusClusterPlus" package was used to cluster LUADs based on cuprotosis-related lncRNAs (CR-lncRNAs). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic model. CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were used for assessing immune cells infiltration and immune function. The tumor microenvironment (TME) score was calculated by ESTIMATE, and the tumor mutational burden (TMB) and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) were used to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy. Results: Firstly, 501 CR-lncRNAs were identified based on the co-expression relationship of 19 cuprotosis genes. And univariate Cox further obtained 34 prognosis-related CR-lncRNAs. The unsupervised consensus clustering divided LUAD samples into cluster A and cluster B, and showed cluster A had better prognosis, more immune cells infiltration, stronger immune function, and a higher TME score. Subsequently, we used Lasso Cox regression to construct a prognostic model, and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed the risk score could be an independent prognostic indicator. Immune cells infiltration, immune function, and TME score were increased markedly in the low-risk group, while TMB and TIDE suggested the efficacy of immunotherapy might be increased in high-risk group. Conclusions: Our research identified two new molecular subtypes and constructed a novel prognostic model of LUAD which could provide new direction for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

[Clinicopathological significance of gastric mucosal infection with coccoid Helicobacter pylori].

OBJECTIVE: To study the detection method of coccoid helicobacter pylori (HP) and to investigate the significance of pure coccoid HP infection of gastric mucous membrane. METHODS: A total of 171 gastric biopsy specimens were reviewed by HE stain, and the presence, density and tissue distribution of HP were investigated by sliver stain and immunohistochemistry(S-P method). RESULTS: The rates of mucosal erosion and active inflammation with the presence of pure coccoid HP infection were 36.0% (9/25) and 44.0% (11/25), respectively, both higher than those without HP infection (13.5%, 10/74; 24.3%, 18/74), while lower than those infected with spiral HP (72.1%, 49/68; 79.4%, 54/68). The quantity of interstitial lymphocyte and inflammation severity were also higher than those without HP infection, while lower than those with spiral HP infection. CONCLUSIONS: Pure coccoid HP causes human gastritis, similar to that of spiral HP infection but at a lesser degree. Further studies are important to confirm its clinical significance.

[Gastrointestinal B-cell lymphoma: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 194 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal B-cell lymphomas. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-four cases of gastrointestinal B-cell lymphoma were retrieved from the archival file. The clinical features and pathologic findings were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for B-cell markers, T-cell markers, bcl-6, CD10, bcl-10, cyclin D1, TdT, MUM1 and Ki-67 was carried out. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1. The age of patients ranged from 8 to 85 years. Amongst the 194 cases studied, 128 (66.0%) were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, including 16 cases of large cell lymphoma associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma component. There were also 40 cases (20.6%) of MALT lymphoma, 8 cases (4.1%) of follicular lymphoma, 5 cases of (2.6%) of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, 3 cases (1.6%) of mantle cell lymphoma, 1 case of (0.5%) of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma and 9 cases (4.6%) of indefinite type (including 5 biopsy cases). The site of involvement included stomach (100 cases, 51.5%), small intestine (43 cases, 22.2%), ileocecal junction (26 cases, 13.4%), appendix (1 case, 0.5%), colon (21 cases, 10.8%) and rectum (3 cases, 1.6%). Amongst the 163 cases which had undergone surgical resection, 20 cases (12.3%) cases had invasion down to the mucosa, 20 cases (12.3%) down to the superficial muscular layer, 19 cases (11.6%) down to the deep muscular layer and 104 cases (63.8%) with full-thickness involvement. Histologic examination showed lymphoepithelial lesions in 52 cases, residual lymphoid follicles in 29 cases, coagulative necrosis in 66 cases and nodular growth pattern in 30 cases. The lymphoma cells in all cases were immunoreactive for B-cell marker CD20. There was also various degrees of positivity for bcl-6, CD10, bcl-10, cyclin D1, TdT, MUM1 and Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal B-cell lymphomas can be subdivided into two main groups: large B-cell lymphomas and small B-cell lymphomas. The latter group often poses diagnostic pitfalls. Accurate pathologic typing requires correlation with histologic and immunohistochemical findings.