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1.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol ; 22(1): 80, 2024 Jul 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38997724

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with benefits from the continuous improvement of clinical technology and the advantage of fertility preservation, the application of embryo cryopreservation has been growing rapidly worldwide. However, amidst this growth, concerns about its safety persist. Numerous studies have highlighted the elevated risk of perinatal complications linked to frozen embryo transfer (FET), such as large for gestational age (LGA) and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Thus, it is imperative to explore the potential risk of embryo cryopreservation and its related mechanisms. METHODS: Given the strict ethical constraints on clinical samples, we employed mouse models in this study. Three experimental groups were established: the naturally conceived (NC) group, the fresh embryo transfer (Fresh-ET) group, and the FET group. Blastocyst formation rates and implantation rates were calculated post-embryo cryopreservation. The impact of FET on fetal growth was evaluated upon fetal and placental weight. Placental RNA-seq was conducted, encompassing comprehensive analyses of various comparisons (Fresh-ET vs. NC, FET vs. NC, and FET vs. Fresh-ET). RESULTS: Reduced rates of blastocyst formation and implantation were observed post-embryo cryopreservation. Fresh-ET resulted in a significant decrease in fetal weight compared to NC group, whereas FET reversed this decline. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the majority of the expression changes in FET were inherited from Fresh-ET, and alterations solely attributed to embryo cryopreservation were moderate. Unexpectedly, certain genes that showed alterations in Fresh-ET tended to be restored in FET. Further analysis suggested that this regression may underlie the improvement of fetal growth restriction in FET. The expression of imprinted genes was disrupted in both FET and Fresh-ET groups. CONCLUSION: Based on our experimental data on mouse models, the impact of embryo cryopreservation is less pronounced than other in vitro manipulations in Fresh-ET. However, the impairment of the embryonic developmental potential and the gene alterations in placenta still suggested it to be a risky operation.


Subject(s)
Cryopreservation , Embryo Transfer , Placenta , Cryopreservation/methods , Female , Pregnancy , Animals , Mice , Embryo Transfer/methods , Placenta/metabolism , Embryo, Mammalian , Embryo Implantation/genetics , Fetal Development/genetics , Blastocyst/metabolism
2.
World J Clin Cases ; 12(1): 224-231, 2024 Jan 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38292625

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the best option for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the need for lifelong immunosuppression results in renal transplant recipients being susceptible to various infections. Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans, and there are limited reports of infection with R. equi in post-renal transplant recipients and no uniform standard of treatment. This article reports on the diagnosis and treatment of a renal transplant recipient infected with R. equi 21 mo postoperatively and summarizes the characteristics of infection with R. equi after renal transplantation, along with a detailed review of the literature. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we present the case of a 25-year-old man who was infected with R. equi 21 mo after renal transplantation. Although the clinical features at the time of presentation were not specific, chest computed tomography (CT) showed a large volume of pus in the right thoracic cavity and right middle lung atelectasis, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed an endobronchial mass in the right middle and lower lobe orifices. Bacterial culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing sequencing of the pus were suggestive of R. equi infection. The immunosuppressive drugs were immediately suspended and intravenous vancomycin and azithromycin were administered, along with adequate drainage of the abscess. The endobronchial mass was then resected. After the patient's clinical symptoms and chest CT presentation resolved, he was switched to intravenous ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, followed by oral ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. The patient was re-hospitalized 2 wk after discharge for recurrence of R. equi infection. He recovered after another round of adequate abscess drainage and intravenous ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. CONCLUSION: Infection with R. equi in renal transplant recipients is rare and complex, and the clinical presentation lacks specificity. Elaborate antibiotic therapy is required, and adequate abscess drainage and surgical excision are necessary. Given the recurrent nature of R. equi, patients need to be followed-up closely.

3.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 17(7): 429-433, 2020 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32176539

ABSTRACT

Deoxynivalenol (DON) or "vomitoxin" is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. Few food poisoning cases caused by DON have been reported since the 1990s in China. However, on May 16, 2019, the Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a case report from primary school "S" that many students began vomiting after eating breakfast. To discern the cause and control the outbreak effectively, an epidemiological investigation was carried out. This retrospective cohort study defined both suspected and probable cases of food poisoning using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to detect 16 mycotoxins simultaneously. A total of 101 cases (14 suspected and 87 probable) were identified, with an overall attack rate of 8.1%. All cases were in grades 1-3. The main symptoms of probable cases were vomiting (100%) and nausea (63%). The average incubation time was 25 min after eating. Comparison of students who ate breakfast provided by the school with those who did not revealed the relative risk was 6.0 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.2-16) among students in grades 1-3. The concentration of DON in the leftover raw breakfast noodles ranged from 6856 to 11,982 µg/kg and 878.3 to 1074.2 µg/kg in leftover cooked noodles. DON exposure was 1.3-1.6 µg/kg body weight for grades 1-2 and 1.7-2.1 µg/kg body weight for grade 3. The attack rate of grade 3 was 4.3 times higher than that for grades 1-2 (95% CI = 3.0-6.3). The food poisoning outbreak on May 16, 2019 in primary school "S" in China, was determined to be caused by DON-contaminated commercial raw noodles.


Subject(s)
Food Contamination/analysis , Food Microbiology/statistics & numerical data , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Mycotoxins/toxicity , Trichothecenes/toxicity , Child , China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Female , Food Services , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mycotoxins/analysis , Retrospective Studies , School Health Services , Schools , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Trichothecenes/analysis
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