ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The precision of anterior segment biometric measurements in eyes has become increasingly important in refractive surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the repeatability of the automatic measurements provided by a new spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph (SD-OCT)/Placido topographer (MS-39, CSO) and its agreement with a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) biometer (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey) in patients with myopia. METHODS: The right eye of 235 subjects was scanned 3 times with both devices. The evaluated parameters included central corneal radius of the steep meridian, central corneal radius of the flat meridian, mean central corneal radius, thinnest corneal thickness, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal volume and diameter. The intraobserver repeatability of the MS-39 measurements was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), within subject standard deviation, coefficient of repeatability, coefficient of variation and repeated-measures analysis of variance of the 3 repeated measurements. The agreement between the two devices was evaluated by 95% limits of agreement (LoA). RESULTS: The majority of the parameters acquired from MS-39 showed high repeatability. The repeatability of corneal diameter was slightly lower than the other measurements, although the ICC remained high. Agreement with the CASIA SS-1000 was good, indicated by the Bland-Altman plots with narrow 95% LoA values for all parameters assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The high repeatability of automatic measurements by the new device supports its clinical application in eyes with myopia, and the good agreement between the two devices indicates they could be used interchangeably for the parameters evaluated.
Subject(s)
Anterior Eye Segment , Cornea , Corneal Topography , Myopia , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Humans , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Male , Female , Adult , Myopia/diagnosis , Myopia/physiopathology , Corneal Topography/methods , Corneal Topography/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results , Anterior Eye Segment/diagnostic imaging , Anterior Eye Segment/pathology , Young Adult , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Cornea/pathology , Middle Aged , Biometry/methods , Adolescent , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to detect the effect of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-Selectin in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), as well as the signaling pathways involved in this effect. METHODS: OFs were isolated from orbital tissues obtained from patients with severe GO who were undergoing orbital decompression surgery. VCAM-1 and E-selectin RNA and protein expression levels were quantified in OFs stimulated with soluble CD40L (sCD40L). RNA and protein quantification was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were isolated in order to detect the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Signaling pathway inhibitors were applied to determine the pathways involved. RESULTS: Compared to unstimulated OFs, the mRNA and protein levels of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in OFs incubated with sCD40L were significantly increased. This was observed in dose- and time-course experiments, and the inductive effects of sCD40L were much weaker in OFs from healthy donors. At the same time, we observed that CD40L induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, also in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The up-regulation of VCAM-1 and E-selectin, as well as the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by CD40L, was significantly attenuated by inhibitors targeting mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: CD40L demonstrated the ability to up-regulate the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin at the pre-translational level in OFs from patients with GO. The MAPK and PI3K pathways and NF-κB may play important roles in CD40L-induced VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression.
Subject(s)
CD40 Ligand/pharmacology , E-Selectin/metabolism , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Graves Ophthalmopathy/pathology , Orbit/pathology , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Cells, Cultured , Decompression, Surgical , E-Selectin/genetics , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Female , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Graves Ophthalmopathy/metabolism , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/geneticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Cytotoxic-T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). A number of case-control studies focused on the association between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and risk for TAO. But the results were not always consistent. So we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the precise association between this polymorphism and risk for TAO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All publications on the association between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and TAO were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the last report up to May 2014. This meta-analysis was assessed by Review Manager 5.1. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were involved in this meta-analysis, including 1128 cases and 2539 controls. Overall, we found a significant association between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and TAO (G versus A: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.40-1.92, p < 0.00001; GG versus AG + AA: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.59-2.57, p < 0.00001; GG + AG versus AA: OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.66-2.43, p < 0.00001; GG versus AA: OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.83-4.10, p < 0.00001; AG versus AA: OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.42-2.15, p < 0.00001). The results were not materially altered after the studies which did not fulfill Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were excluded. Significant association was also detected in both Caucasian and Asian populations in subgroup analysis divided by different ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis supports the association between the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and TAO.
Subject(s)
CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics , Graves Ophthalmopathy/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Databases, Factual , HumansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play an important role in the development and progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A number of case-control studies focused on the association between VEGF -2578C/A and risk for DR. But the results were not always consistent, so we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the precise association between this variant and risk for DR. METHODS: All publications on the association between VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism and DR were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the last report up to January 2013. This meta-analysis was assessed by Review Manager 5.1. RESULTS: A total of 6 studies were involved in this meta-analysis, including 835 cases and 867 controls. Overall, we found a significant association between this polymorphism and DR (A vs. C: OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.26-1.77, p<0.00001; AA vs. CA+CC: OR=1.26, 95% CI=0.94-1.68, p=0.12; AA+CA vs. CC: OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.27-1.91, p<0.00001; AA vs. CC: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.20-2.32, p=0.003; CA vs. CC: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.21-1.87, p=0.0002), but we did not find any significant association in Caucasians in subgroup analysis. The results were not materially altered after the studies which did not fulfill the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were excluded. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis supports the association between the VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism and DR, but not in the Caucasian population.
