[Retracted] MicroRNA­432 inhibits the aggressiveness of glioblastoma multiforme by directly targeting IGF­1R.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that certain of the flow cytometric assay data shown for the cell invasion assays in Figs. 2C, 4C and 5D, and the tumour images shown in Fig. 6A, were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors. Moreover, it appeared as if certain of the same data may have reappeared on more than one occasion in the flow cytometric plots shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere, or were already under consideration for publication, prior to its submission to International Journal of Molecular Medicine, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45: 597­606, 2020; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4429].

Toxicity of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. and its effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.

Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MDL) is component used in traditional Chinese medicine that is widely distributed throughout southern China. MDL has been long utilized in clinical treatment for various conditions, such as inflammation. However, the toxicity and underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDL remain to be elucidated. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats received intragastric administration of MDL for 2 months, and the toxicity of MDL was investigated. The rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 h to determine the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDL. The results demonstrated that MDL alone did not affect the expression levels of factors associated with inflammation (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO)] in the rat serum and exerted no effects on rat liver and kidneys. By contrast, MDL attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating specific cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, SOD and NO in the rat serum and alleviated LPS-induced liver and kidney damage. Additionally, compared with the LPS group, MDL inhibited CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells and enhanced CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 and Treg cells. MDL also suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins in spleen CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated the non-toxic nature of MDL and revealed that it alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating differentiation and ROS production in CD4+ T cells.

MicroRNA­432 inhibits the aggressiveness of glioblastoma multiforme by directly targeting IGF­1R.

MicroRNA­432 (miR­432) has been studied in multiple tumors, but the expression status, biological functions and the mechanism of action of miR­432 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, miR­432 expression in GBM was determined and its clinical significance was evaluated among patients with GBM. The effects on the malignancy of GBM in vitro and in vivo were examined in detail and the interactions between miR­432 and insulin­like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF­1R) mRNA were then explored. miR­432 expression in GBM tissue samples and cell lines was measured by reverse transcription­quantitative (RT­q)PCR. GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit­8 assay, flow­cytometric analysis, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and a tumor xenograft experiment, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis followed by a luciferase reporter assay, RT­qPCR and western blotting was applied to demonstrate that IGF­1R is a direct target gene of miR­432 in GBM cells. It was found that miR­432 is downregulated in GBM tumors and cell lines. miR­432 under expression obviously correlated with the Karnofsky Performance Status score and shorter overall survival among patients with GBM. Exogenous miR­432 expression significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of GBM cells. In addition, miR­432 overexpression impaired the migratory and invasive abilities of GBM cells in vitro and decreased their tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, IGF­1R was validated as a direct target gene of miR­432 in GBM cells. IGF­1R knockdown imitated the tumor­suppressive actions of miR­432 overexpression in GBM cells. Rescue experiments proved IGF­1R downregulation to be essential for the effects of miR­432 on GBM cells. The results of the present study revealed a tumor­suppressive role of the miR­432­IGF­1R axis in GBM cells and this axis may have implications for GBM therapy.

Resveratrol inhibits Interleukin-6 induced invasion of human gastric cancer cells.

Previous studies show that migration and invasion are the primary causes of death in patients with gastric carcinoma. Increasing evidences have been shown Interleukin-6 could stimulate cancer cells invasion and be associated with cancer development. However, its role in gastric cancer has never been investigated. As an anticancer drug isolated from Chinese medicine, resveratrol was reported to inhibit cancer cells growth and induce apoptosis, but its roles in gastric cancer have not been well understood. In this study, we found that Interleukin-6 was upregulated in blood of gastric cancer patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In gastric cancer cell line model, we found that non-cytotoxic concentration of resveratrol inhibited the Interleukin-6 induced SGC7901 cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinases activation. Our studies showed that IL-6 induced SGC7901 cell invasion depends on the Raf/MAPK pathway activation, resveratrol could inhibit this pathway activation. We further showed that resveratrol inhibits the IL-6 induced metastasis by vein injection of luciferase-labeled cancer cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that Interleukin-6 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in gastric cancer, resveratrol has the potential to prevent the Interleukin-6 induced gastric cancer metastasis by blocking the Raf/MAPK signaling activation.

Effects of Adenovirus-Mediated Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy on Postinfarct Heart Function: Comparison of Single and Repeated Injections.

Clinical trials testing the effects of a single injection of adenovirus carrying the human hepatocyte growth factor gene (Ad-HGF) in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure failed to show consistent improvements in cardiac function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of repeated injections of Ad-HGF in a rat model of postinfarct heart failure. Ad-HGF or Ad-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was administered to Sprague Dawley rat models of postinfarct heart failure via single or fractional repeated intrapericardial injection. Heart function was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging for 4 and 8 weeks after injections. The expression of HGF or factor VIII/Ki-67 was evaluated by Western blot assay or immunofluorescence. We found that Ad-HGF gene expression could be prolonged in vivo by repeated injections and that cardiac function was significantly improved in the Ad-HGF repeat-injection group compared with the Ad-HGF single-injection group. Newly formed capillary density was similarly higher in the Ad-HGF repeat-injection group compared with that in the Ad-HGF single-injection group. We therefore conclude that fractional repeated injections of Ad-HGF may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to improve cardiac function in the setting of postinfarct heart failure.

Properties and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol: a review.

Resveratrol, for example widely present in the Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, it is a natural phytoalexin, and has many biochemical activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular diseases, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and other effects. This article will concentrate on the physical and chemical properties of resveratrol, the biological and pharmacological effects for its anticancer activities. An outlook is given to the development and application prospects in this drug.

[Resource investigation on rare and endangered She medicine Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in Zhejiang Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resource of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum which was rare and endangered plant in She nationality in Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Using literature method, survey method, plots method and line method, the resource situation of artificial planting and wild resource in Zhejiang Province were investigated. RESULTS: It was a scarce and precious medicinal herb that wild resource was rare and endangered. There were artificial planting area about 104.55 hm2 which expected to produce 173.91 tons in Zhejiang Province. CONCLUSION: In the wild,it is relatively harsh to environmental requirements for growth. Generally speaking, it takes 3 - 5 years growth period to achieve the medicinal value. The wild resource is scarce and the market demand is increasing, which brings about artificial planting to develop rapidly.