ABSTRACT
The burning loss of Al and Ti elements in superalloys during electroslag remelting has become a prevalent issue. And the existing slag system is not suitable for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new slag system for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. To mitigate this issue, a thermodynamic model of the oxidation reaction of Al and Ti at the slag and alloy interface was established based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). The thermodynamic model was used to investigate the correlation between the equilibrium content of Al and Ti, slag composition, smelting temperature, and initial Al and Ti content of the electrode. The results indicate that while increasing the smelting temperature can effectively inhibit the burning loss of Al, it will exacerbate the burning loss of Ti. Increasing CaO and Al2O3 contents can inhibit the Al burning loss, while an increase in the TiO2 content can inhibit the Ti burning loss. Although an increase in the MgO content results in the burning loss of Al, its impact on the Al is minimal. The burning loss of Al and Ti was not affected by the change in the CaF2 content. The high Al content in ATI 718PlusTM makes it prone to burning loss of Al during the electroslag remelting. The combustion loss of Al can be reduced by increasing the Ti content in the electrode or adding a suitable amount of aluminum powder to the slag system. The accuracy of the model had been validated through experimental verification.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ectodermal dysplasia is a congenital genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1:10,000 to 1:100,000. The clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia include sparse hair, missing teeth, and abnormal development of the skin, sweat glands, and other tissues and organs. Since 1985, dentists have used implants to correct tooth defects in patients with ectodermal dysplasia with reasonable success rates. However, there is still no widely accepted treatment for the oral defects caused by this disease.Case summary: This report describes a 19-year-old female patient with congenital ectodermal dysplasia, congenital absence of most of her teeth, and mandibular and maxillary dysplasia. The patient and her family were concerned about the patient's growth and development, so she came to our hospital to restore her missing teeth. During several months of treatment, the patient underwent bone augmentation surgery for the maxilla and mandible, implant placement, a root repositioning flap, and free gingival grafting, which was completed in five stages. The patient completed the permanent implant restoration, and the desired results were achieved. CONCLUSION: The patient's mouth was restored through the use of bone augmentation and soft tissue grafting techniques, enabling appropriate function and appearance.
