Ultrastable PLGA-Coated 177Lu-Microspheres for Radioembolization Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a highly effective localized radionuclide therapy that has been successfully used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extensive research has been conducted on the use of radioactive microspheres (MSs) in TARE, and the development of ideal radioactive MSs is crucial for clinical trials and patient treatment. This study presents the development of a radioactive MS for TARE of HCC. These MSs, referred to as 177Lu-MS@PLGA, consist of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer and radioactive silica MSs, labeled with 177Lu and then coated with PLGA. It has an extremely high level of radiostability. Cellular experiments have shown that it can cause DNA double-strand breaks, leading to cell death. In vivo radiostability of 177Lu-MS@PLGA is demonstrated by microSPECT/CT imaging. In addition, the antitumor study has shown that TARE of 177Lu-MS@PLGA can effectively restrain tumor growth without harmful side effects. Thus, 177Lu-MS@PLGA exhibits significant potential as a radioactive MS for the treatment of HCC.

Macrophages communicate with mesangial cells through the CXCL12/DPP4 axis in lupus nephritis pathogenesis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 50% of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is one of the most serious complications that can occur during lupus progression. Mesangial cells (MCs) are intrinsic cells in the kidney that can regulate capillary blood flow, phagocytose apoptotic cells, and secrete vasoactive substances and growth factors. Previous studies have shown that various types of inflammatory cells can activate MCs for hyperproliferation, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier and impairment of renal function in LN. Here, we characterized the heterogeneity of kidney cells of LN mice by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and revealed the interaction between macrophages and MCs through the CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) axis. In culture, macrophages modulated the proliferation and migration of MCs through this ligand-receptor interaction. In LN mice, treatment with linagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, effectively inhibited MC proliferation and reduced urinary protein levels. Together, our findings indicated that targeting the CXCL12/DPP4 axis with linagliptin treatment may serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of LN via the CXCL12/DPP4 axis.

Alveoli-Inspired Carbon Cathodes with Interconnected Porous Structure and Asymmetric Coordinated Vanadium Sites for Superior Li-S Batteries.

Accelerating sulfur conversion catalysis to alleviate the shuttle effect has become a novel paradigm for effective Li-S batteries. Although nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom (M-N4) catalysts have been investigated, further optimizing its utilization rate and catalytic activities is urgently needed for practical applications. Inspired by the natural alveoli tissue with interconnected structure and well-distributed enzyme catalytic sites on the wall for the simultaneously fast diffusion and in situ catalytic conversion of substrates, here, we proposed the controllable synthesis of bioinspired carbon cathode with interconnected porous structure and asymmetric coordinated V-S1N3 sites for efficient and stable Li-S batteries. The enzyme-mimetic V-S1N3 shows asymmetric electronic distribution and high tunability, therefore enhancing in situ polysulfide conversion activities. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the high charge asymmetry degree and large atom radius of S in V-S1N3 result in sloping adsorption for polysulfide, thereby exhibiting low thermodynamic energy barriers and long-range stability (0.076 % decay over 600 cycles).

Massive retroperitoneal hematoma caused by intercostal artery bleeding after blunt trauma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of massive retroperitoneal hematoma caused by intercostal artery bleeding is exceedingly uncommon. CASE PRESENTATION: A middle-aged male presented to the hospital after a fall. Computed tomography scan revealed a massive retroperitoneal hematoma without any evidence of organ or major vessel rupture. The angiogram revealed extravasation from a branch of the twelfth intercostal artery, and successful transcatheter arterial embolization was performed on this specific artery. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of intercostal artery rupture should be considered in cases of retroperitoneal hematomas, and accurate diagnosis can be achieved through imaging studies. Transcatheter arterial embolization represents an effective treatment modality.

Application of Python-Based Abaqus Secondary Development in Laser Shock Forming of Aluminum Alloy 6082-T6.

Aluminum alloy 6082-T6 is an important material for manufacturing the outer skin of high-speed trains, and laser shock forming can realize the rapid forming of complex-shaped plates. In order to improve the efficiency of the simulation modeling of laser shock forming for aluminum alloy 6082-T6, Python scripting language was used for the secondary development of Abaqus. A plugin was utilized to simulate and analyze the laser shock forming process of aluminum alloy 6082-T6. The coordinates of the plate after laser impact molding were measured using a coordinate measuring machine to calculate the arc bow height of the plate. The accuracy of the simulation model was verified by comparing with the simulation results. The deformation characteristics of plastic strain and arc height of aluminum alloy 6082-T6 under different laser process parameters were analyzed. The simulation plugin has a concise interface, high operability, and accurate results with the other parameters unchanged. When the laser energy is 5 J, 6 J, and 7 J, the corresponding arc heights are 5.9 mm, 6.6 mm, and 7.2 mm, respectively. As the thickness of the sheet increases, the deformation changes from concave at 1 mm to convex at 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. As the spot size increases from 1 mm to 5 mm, the transmission mode of the shock wave gradually changes from spherical wave to planar wave, and the arc height of the sheet increases from 4.6 mm to 8.2 mm. With the increase in the spot overlap rate, the impact area accumulates residual stress, and the arc height of the sheet is 5.7 mm, 6.6 mm, 7.3 mm, and 8.5 mm, respectively. The secondary development of ABAQUS 2021 using Python 3.6 scripting language has improved the efficiency of simulation modeling and provided reference for rapidly predicting the deformation characteristics of aluminum alloy 6082-T6 under different laser process parameters.

Deciphering molecular heterogeneity and dynamics of human hippocampal neural stem cells at different ages and injury states.

While accumulated publications support the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus, the homeostasis and developmental potentials of neural stem cells (NSCs) under different contexts remain unclear. Based on our generated single-nucleus atlas of the human hippocampus across neonatal, adult, aging, and injury, we dissected the molecular heterogeneity and transcriptional dynamics of human hippocampal NSCs under different contexts. We further identified new specific neurogenic lineage markers that overcome the lack of specificity found in some well-known markers. Based on developmental trajectory and molecular signatures, we found that a subset of NSCs exhibit quiescent properties after birth, and most NSCs become deep quiescence during aging. Furthermore, certain deep quiescent NSCs are reactivated following stroke injury. Together, our findings provide valuable insights into the development, aging, and reactivation of the human hippocampal NSCs, and help to explain why adult hippocampal neurogenesis is infrequently observed in humans.

Effects of crystalline lens rise and anterior chamber parameters on vault after implantable collamer lens placement.

BACKGROUND: To analyze vault effects of crystalline lens rise (CLR) and anterior chamber parameters (recorded by Pentacam) in highly myopic patients receiving implantable collamer lenses (ICLs), which may avoid subsequent complications such as glaucoma and cataract caused by the abnormal vault. METHODS: We collected clinical data of 137 patients with highly myopic vision, who were all subsequent recipients of V4c ICLs between June 2020 and January 2021. Horizontal ciliary sulcus-to-sulcus diameter (hSTS) and CLR were measured by ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM), and a Pentacam anterior segment analyzer was used to measure horizontal white-to-white diameter (hWTW), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), CLR, and postoperative vault (Year 1 and Month 1). The lens thickness (LT) was determined by optical biometry (IOL Master instrument). The predictive model was generated through multiple linear regression analyses of influential factors, such as hSTS, CLR, hWTW, ACD, ACA, ACV, ICL size, and LT. The predictive performance of the multivariate model on vault after ICL was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under the curve (AUC) as well as the point of tangency. RESULTS: Average CLR assessed by UBM was lower than the average value obtained by Pentacam (0.561 vs. 0.683). Bland-Altman analysis showed a good consistency in the two measurement methods and substantial correlation (r = 0.316; P = 0.000). The ROC curve of Model 1 (postoperative Year 1) displayed an AUC of 0.847 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.19-95.27), with optimal threshold of 0.581 (sensitivity, 0.857; specificity, 0.724). In addition, respective values for Model 2 (postoperative Month 1) were 0.783 (95% CI: 64.94-91.64) and 0.522 (sensitivity, 0.917; specificity, 0.605). CONCLUSION: CLR and anterior chamber parameters are important determinants of postoperative vault after ICL placement. The multivariate regression model we constructed may serve in large part as a predictive gauge, effectively avoid postoperative complication.

Radionuclide-Labeled Antisilencing Function 1a Inhibitory Peptides for Tumor Identification and Individualized Therapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is promising to revolutionize cancer regimens, but the low response rate and the lack of a suitable patient stratification method have impeded universal profit to cancer patients. Noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the whole body, upon coupling with specific biomarkers closely related to the immune response, could provide spatiotemporal information to prescribe cancer therapy. Herein, we demonstrate that antisilencing function 1a (ASF1a) could serve as a biomarker target to delineate tumor immune microenvironments by immune PET (iPET). The iPET radiotracer (68Ga-AP1) is designed to target ASF1a in tumors and predict immune response, and the signal intensity predicts anti-PD-1 (αPD-1) therapy response in a negative correlation manner. The ICB-resistant tumors with a high level of ASF1a as revealed by iPET (ASF1aHigh-iPET) are prescribed to be treated by either the combined 177Lu-labeled AP1 and αPD-1 or the standalone α particle-emitting 225Ac-labeled AP1, both achieving enhanced therapeutic efficacy and prolonged survival time. Our study not only replenishes the iPET arsenal for immune-related response evaluation by designing a reliable biomarker and a facile radiotracer but also provides optional therapeutic strategies for ICB-resistant tumors with versatile radionuclide-labeled AP1 peptides, which is promising for real-time clinical diagnosis and individualized therapy planning simultaneously.

Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 enhanced mice resilience to activity-based anorexia.

Probiotic intervention, already showing promise in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders like depression, emerges as a potential therapy for anorexia nervosa (AN) with minimal side effects. In this study, we established an activity-based anorexia (ABA) model to probe the pathogenesis of AN and assess the impact of probiotics on ABA mice. ABA resulted in a compensatory increase in duodenal ghrelin levels, impairing the regulation of feeding and the brain reward system. Intervention with Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 ameliorated these ABA-induced effects, and the activation of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was observed following probiotic administration, revealing the advantageous role of probiotics in AN through the vagus nerve. Furthermore, our metabolomics analysis of cecal contents unveiled that S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 modulated gut microbiota metabolism and thereby regulated intestinal ghrelin levels.

Effect of extracorporeal shock wave combined with Kinesio taping on upper limb function during individuals with biceps brachii tendinopathy：protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Long head of biceps brachii tendinopathy (LHBT) is characterised by persistent pain and disability of shoulder joint, impairing patients' quality of life. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive treatment, which promotes tissue regeneration and repair. However, ESWT has a side effect that often causes short-term pain and swelling in the treatment area. It is known that the effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on relieving swelling and pain. Due to insufficient clinical evidence from current limited studies, this randomised controlled study aims to explore the effects of ESWT combined with KT on upper limb function during individuals with LHBT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A 2×2 factorial design, double-blind, randomised controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 144 participants will be randomly allocated into one of four groups (KT+ESWT, KT+sham ESWT, sham KT+ESWT or sham KT+sham ESWT) to participate in a 4-week treatment programme. Measurements will be taken at pretreatment (baseline), immediately after treatment and 6 weeks after treatment. The primary endpoint will be the Constant-Murley score (CMS), the secondary endpoints will include the pain Numerical Rating Scale, range of motion, pressure pain threshold and soft tissue hardness of biceps, speed test and global rating of change. Repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to compare differences among the effects of different interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. In addition to international conference reports, findings will be disseminated through international publications in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2100051324.

Preparation of poly(caffeic acid)-coated epitope molecularly imprinted polymers and investigation of adsorption performance toward ovalbumin.

Food allergy can lead to severe allergic reactions that are potentially fatal for human, hence the detection of food allergens such as ovalbumin (OVA) is important. In this study, a poly(caffeic acid)-coated epitope molecularly imprinted polymer (EMIP) was prepared by chelation and autoxidation of caffeic acid with hexamethylenediamine. EMIP has not only imprinted cavities highly matched with OVA in size and spatial structure, but also externally abundant hydrophilic groups, resulting in few non-specific binding and good hydrophilicity. With high specificity, significant paramagnetism, and great reusability, EMIP can distinguish OVA from other proteins and selectively enrich OVA in egg white samples, which opens up a promising route to the determination of allergens in food products.

CM-GAN: A Cross-Modal Generative Adversarial Network for Imputing Completely Missing Data in Digital Industry.

Multimodal data fusion analysis is essential to model the uncertainty of environment awareness in digital industry. However, due to communication failure and cyberattack, the sampled time-series data often have the issue of data missing. In some extreme cases, part of units are unobservable for a long time, which results in complete data missing (CDM). To impute missing data, many models have been proposed. However, they cannot address the CDM issue, because no observation data of the unobservable units can be obtained in this case. Thus, to address the CDM issue, a novel cross-modal generative adversarial network (CM-GAN) is proposed in this article. It combines the cross-modal data fusion technique and the deep adversarial generation technique to construct a cross-modal data generator. This generator can generate long-term time-series data from widely existing spatio-temporal modal data in modern industrial system, and then impute missing value by replacing them with generated data. To test the performance of CM-GAN, extensive experiments are conducted on photovoltaic (PV) power output dataset. Compared with other baseline models, the performance of CM-GAN is generally better and reaches the state-of-the-art level. Moreover, sufficient ablation studies are conducted to present the contribution of the cross-modal data fusion technique and show the reasonability of parameter settings of CM-GAN. Apart from this, some prediction experiments are also conducted. The results show that the PV data recovered by CM-GAN can provide more predictability information for improving the prediction accuracy of deep learning model.

2D Nano-Channeled Molybdenum Compounds for Accelerating Interfacial Polysulfides Catalysis in Li-S Battery.

The shuttle effect, which causes the loss of active sulfur, passivation of lithium anode, and leads to severe capacity attenuation, is currently the main bottleneck for lithium-sulfur batteries. Recent studies have disclosed that molybdenum compounds possess exceptional advantages as a polar substrate to immobilize and catalyze lithium polysulfide such as high conductivity and strong sulfiphilicity. However, these materials show incomplete contact with sulfur/polysulfides, which causes uneven redox conversion of sulfur and results in poor rate performance. Herein, a new type of 2D nano-channeled molybdenum compounds (2D-MoNx) via the 2D organic-polyoxometalate superstructure for accelerating interfacial polysulfide catalysis toward high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries is reported. The 2D-MoNx shows well-interlinked nano-channels, which increase the reactive interface and contact surface with polysulfides. Therefore, the battery equipped with 2D-MoNx displays a high discharge capacity of 912.7 mAh g-1 at 1 C and the highest capacity retention of 523.7 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles. Even at the rate of 2 C, the capacity retention can be maintained at 526.6 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles. This innovative nano-channel and interfacial design of 2D-MoNx provides new nanostructures to optimize the sulfur redox chemistry and eliminate the shuttle effect of polysulfides.

Long-term in vivo chimeric cells tracking in non-human primate.

Non-human primates (NHPs) are increasingly used in preclinical trials to test the safety and efficacy of biotechnology therapies. Nonetheless, given the ethical issues and costs associated with this model, it would be highly advantageous to use NHP cellular models in clinical studies. However, developing and maintaining the naïve state of primate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains difficult as does in vivo detection of PSCs, thus limiting biotechnology application in the cynomolgus monkey. Here, we report a chemically defined, xeno-free culture system for culturing and deriving monkey PSCs in vitro. The cells display global gene expression and genome-wide hypomethylation patterns distinct from monkey-primed cells. We also found expression of signaling pathways components that may increase the potential for chimera formation. Crucially for biomedical applications, we were also able to integrate bioluminescent reporter genes into monkey PSCs and track them in chimeric embryos in vivo and in vitro. The engineered cells retained embryonic and extra-embryonic developmental potential. Meanwhile, we generated a chimeric monkey carrying bioluminescent cells, which were able to track chimeric cells for more than 2 years in living animals. Our study could have broad utility in primate stem cell engineering and in utilizing chimeric monkey models for clinical studies.

Renal hemodynamic evaluation protocol based on the pathophysiological mechanism of acute kidney injury: Critical Care UltraSound Guided-A(KI)BCDE.

The multiple etiological characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) have brought great challenges to its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Renal injury in critically ill patients always indicates hemodynamic injury. The Critical Care UltraSound Guided (CCUSG)-A(KI)BCDE protocol developed by the Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG), respectively, includes A(KI) diagnosis and risk assessment and uses B-mode ultrasound, Color doppler ultrasound, spectral Doppler ultrasound, and contrast Enhanced ultrasound to obtain the hemodynamic characteristics of the kidney so that the pathophysiological mechanism of the occurrence and progression of AKI can be captured and the prognosis of AKI can be predicted combined with other clinical information; therefore, the corresponding intervention and treatment strategies can be formulated to achieve targeted, protocolized, and individualized therapy.

Exploration of potential targets and mechanisms of naringenin in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through network pharmacology.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use network pharmacology to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of naringenin (NR) for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment to offer new drug development ideas. METHODS: The structure and compound information of NR were obtained from PubChem and the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform. The traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform Database, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database were then used to predict the related targets of NR. Online mendelian inheritance in man, Disgenet, Gene cards, The therapeutic target database and Drug bank were used to screen NAFLD targets, and the intersection analysis was performed with the targets of NR active components to obtain the targets of NR in the treatment of NAFLD. The protein-protein interaction network of therapeutic targets was constructed by protein-protein interaction networks functional enrichment analysis 11.0, and gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis of therapeutic targets was performed by Metascape platform. RESULTS: In this study, 171 NR targets and 1748 potential targets of NAFLD were screened, and 89 crossover targets and 16 core targets were screened and finally obtained. A total of 176 GO items were obtained by GO enrichment analysis (P < .05), including 389 biological process, 6 cell composition and 30 molecular function. A total of 137 signaling pathways were obtained by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment and screening (P < .05). The core targets of NR in the treatment of NAFLD are TP53, CASP3, PRKCA, AKT1, RELA, PPARG, NCOA2, CYP1A1, ESR1, MAPK3, STAT3, JAK1, MAPK1, TNF, PPARA and PRKCB. Enrichment analysis showed that NR mainly involved in biological processes such as cellular response to nitrogen compound, regulation of miRNA transcription and negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing. It regulates Hepatitis B, Lipid and atherosclerosis, cytomegalovirus infection, Hepatitis C, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic patients complications and other ways play a role in the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effect of NR on NAFLD has the characteristics of multi-targets and multi-pathways, which provides a preliminary theoretical basis for clinical trials and the development of new drugs.

Propylene Metathesis over Molybdenum Silicate Microspheres with Dispersed Active Sites.

In this work, we demonstrate that amorphous and porous molybdenum silicate microspheres are highly active catalysts for heterogeneous propylene metathesis. Homogeneous molybdenum silicate microspheres and aluminum-doped molybdenum silicate microspheres were synthesized via a nonaqueous condensation of a hybrid molybdenum biphenyldicarboxylate-based precursor solution with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The as-prepared hybrid metallosilicate products were calcined at 500 °C to obtain amorphous and porous molybdenum silicate and aluminum-doped molybdenum silicate microspheres with highly dispersed molybdate species inserted into the silicate matrix. These catalysts contain mainly highly dispersed MoOx species, which possess high catalytic activity in heterogeneous propylene metathesis to ethylene and butene. Compared to conventional silica-supported MoOx catalysts prepared via incipient wetness impregnation (MoIWI), the microspheres with low Mo content (1.5-3.6 wt %) exhibited nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher steady-state propylene metathesis rates at 200 °C, approaching site time yields of 0.11 s-1.

Spatiotemporal proteomic atlas of multiple brain regions across early fetal to neonatal stages in cynomolgus monkey.

Fetal stages are critical periods for brain development. However, the protein molecular signature and dynamics of the human brain remain unclear due to sampling difficulty and ethical limitations. Non-human primates present similar developmental and neuropathological features to humans. This study constructed a spatiotemporal proteomic atlas of cynomolgus macaque brain development from early fetal to neonatal stages. Here we showed that (1) the variability across stages was greater than that among brain regions, and comparisons of cerebellum vs. cerebrum and cortical vs. subcortical regions revealed region-specific dynamics across early fetal to neonatal stages; (2) fluctuations in abundance of proteins associated with neural disease suggest the risk of nervous disorder at early fetal stages; (3) cross-species analysis (human, monkey, and mouse) and comparison between proteomic and transcriptomic data reveal the proteomic specificity and genes with mRNA/protein discrepancy. This study provides insight into fetal brain development in primates.

Reduced non-CpG methylation is a potential epigenetic target after spinal cord injury.

DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic regulator in the occurrence and development of diseases and is closely related to various functional responses in relation to spinal cord injury. To investigate the role of DNA methylation in spinal cord injury, we constructed a library with reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data obtained at various time points (day 0-42) after spinal cord injury in mice. Global DNA methylation levels, specifically non-CpG (CHG and CHH) methylation levels, decreased modestly following spinal cord injury. Stages post-spinal cord injury were classified as early (day 0-3), intermediate (day 7-14), and late (day 28-42) based on similarity and hierarchical clustering of global DNA methylation patterns. The non-CpG methylation level, which included CHG and CHH methylation levels, was markedly reduced despite accounting for a minor proportion of total methylation abundance. At multiple genomic sites, including the 5' untranslated regions, promoter, exon, intron, and 3' untranslated regions, the non-CpG methylation level was markedly decreased following spinal cord injury, whereas the CpG methylation level remained unchanged at these locations. Approximately one-half of the differentially methylated regions were located in intergenic areas; the other differentially methylated regions in both CpG and non-CpG regions were clustered in intron regions, where the DNA methylation level was highest. The function of genes associated with differentially methylated regions in promoter regions was also investigated. From Gene Ontology analysis results, DNA methylation was implicated in a number of essential functional responses to spinal cord injury, including neuronal synaptic connection creation and axon regeneration. Notably, neither CpG methylation nor non-CpG methylation was implicated in the functional response of glial or inflammatory cells. In summary, our work elucidated the dynamic pattern of DNA methylation in the spinal cord following injury and identified reduced non-CpG methylation as an epigenetic target after spinal cord injury in mice.

World Health Organization survey on the level of integration of traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese health system rehabilitation services.

Background: To meet the growing global demand for rehabilitation services, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched Rehabilitation 2030. This study was commissioned by the WHO to investigate the integration degree of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Chinese health system rehabilitation services and the demand for TCM rehabilitation in China. Methods: Twenty TCM rehabilitation experts and relevant government administrators were invited to complete the questionnaire between September 2019 and January 2022. The development of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCI) rehabilitation in China was assessed primarily based on six different health system components. Results: 26 policies, regulations, and national strategic plans related to TCI rehabilitation were issued by relevant government departments since 2002; notably, 14 policies related to TCI rehabilitation development were intensively introduced from 2016 to 2021. These policies cover the three main areas of financing, infrastructure development, and service delivery. The National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine's investment in TCM clinical capacity infrastructure and scientific research in 2019-2021 increased by 66% compared to 2010-2012, and the average number of TCM hospitals with rehabilitation departments in 2020 increased by 6.5% compared to 2018. The proportion of community health service centers providing TCM services in primary medical and health institutions has increased by 30.8% over the past 10 years. Conclusion: Long-term continuous policies, substantial financial investment, and expansion of the scope of TCI rehabilitation services in primary care institutions have effectively contributed to the rapid development of TCI rehabilitation. However, human resources and financing mechanisms for TCI rehabilitation need further improvement.