ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogenesis of dysosphresia in patients with chronic sinusitis, to discuss the expression and significance of olfaction marker protein in olfactory mucosa. METHODS: There were 55 cases with chronic sinusitis in the experimental group, and 11 cases in the control. All of them were first tested by subjective method, and then the olfactory marker protein in olfactory mucosa was examined by the method of immunohistochemistry. Tissue sections were observed under optical microscope. RESULTS: The ratio of dysosphresia in patients with chronic sinusitis was 50.9% (28/55), while by subjective olfactory test, it was 85.5% (47/55). The ratio of dysosphresia in control patients was 9.09% (1/11), by subjective olfactory test, it was 18.2% (2/11). Olfactory marker protein was identified in the olfactory cells and microvillar cells by histochemical and immunohistochemical technique (S-P method). CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of dysosphresia in patients with chronic sinusitis is the decrease, atrophy and degeneration of the olfactory cells, which lead to the failure of olfactus perception and recognition.
Subject(s)
Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology , Olfactory Marker Protein/metabolism , Olfactory Mucosa/physiopathology , Sinusitis/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfaction Disorders/metabolism , Sinusitis/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
Milli-Joule, femtosecond laser pulses have been used to propel microbeads for the first time. The microbeads of three different materials (iron, glass, and polystyrene) are used, weighting from 0.84 mg to 1.4 mg with a diameter range of 0.7-1.1 mm. Experimental parameters such as focused beam spot diameter, pulse energy, and pulse width are carefully varied to investigate their respective influences on the specific ablative laser propulsion. It is found that both the momentum coupling efficiency and the overall energy conversion efficiency from light energy to kinetic energy are greater for shorter laser pulses. A typical value of the momentum coupling efficiency of 5.0 dyne/W for iron beads is obtained. It is also evident that for metallic and non-metallic microbeads the momentum coupling efficiency has different variation tendencies versus the focused beam spot diameter.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of transcription factor GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. METHODS: The expression of GATA-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 28 cases of nasal polyps and 17 specimens of normal nasal epithelium. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in these specimens was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) meanwhile. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed, as confirmed by RT-PCR, a positive rate of GATA-3 of 89.3% in the nasal polyp (25/28) and 29.4% in the normal nasal mucosa (5/17), P < 0.05. GATA-3 was mainly distributed in submucous inflammatory cells. The relative density ratio of GATA-3 to GAPDH was 0.618 +/- 0.137 in nasal polyp and 0.21 +/- 0.11 in normal nasal mucosa (P < 0.05) as indicated by RT-PCR and agarose electrophoresis. The concentrations of IL-5 were 69.4 +/- 15.1 pg/ml and 25.7 +/- 13.0 pg/mg in the two groups respectively. The expression of GATA-3 was positively correlated to the expression of IL-5 in the nasal polyp. CONCLUSION: Contributing to the overexpression of such cytokines as IL-5, GATA-3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis , Interleukin-5/analysis , Nasal Polyps/etiology , Trans-Activators/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Female , GATA3 Transcription Factor , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-5/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Polyps/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trans-Activators/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the growth of the developing vestibular aqueduct in order to gain a better understanding of the possible origins of enlarged vestibular aqueduct. METHODS: Serial sections from 32 temporal bones for every other week from human embryos ranging in age from 6 to 38 weeks were studied with 3DMed medical image analysis software. The internal, external aperture, midpoint diameter and length vestibular aqueduct were analyzed with regression analysis to obtain a growth curve. RESULTS: The internal aperture of vestibular aqueduct was began to form at 6 weeks' gestation. It grew to reach the posterior surface of the petrous bone in the posterior cranial fossa by 10 weeks' gestation. All width parameter mean value in our embryos nerve reached the maximum average width in the adult. Statistical analysis showed that the vestibular aqueduct grew in a nonlinear continuous fashion and instability trend throughout embryonic life, except length parameter. CONCLUSION: The vestibular aqueduct grows in a nonlinear fashion throughout embryonic life. The widest aqueduct measured in embryonic life does not reach the maximum average width in the adult. These results suggest that it would be possible for vestibular aqueduct to develop postnatally.
