ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article was to explore whether the gestational age(GA)and gender could affect the size of the cisterna magna (CM). METHODS: This study that included pregnant women who were between 20 â¼ 39+6. The recorded included BPD, HC, anteroposterior diameter of CM and gender. The fetuses were divided into normal and isolated enlargement of the CM (IECM)group for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seven hundred ninety six fetuses with normal CM, 412 cases were boys and 384 cases were girls. 73 fetuses with IECM, 59 cases were boys and 14 cases were girls. The anteroposterior diameter of the CM increased with GA during 20-26+6 weeks. After 27 weeks, the anteroposterior diameter of CM became stable. In the IECM group, the mean anteroposterior of male and female fetuses were 1.31 ± 0.18 cm and 1.24 ± 0.15 cm, respectively. The IECM fetus accounted for 8.4% of the total number of fetuses, male IECM accounted for 14.3% of normal male fetus, and female fetus was 3.6%, which showed that male fetus had a higher rate of IECM than female (χ2 = 21.6, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a gender difference between normal fetuses and IECM fetuses. Based on our finding, it is reasonable to establish the normal value of CM according to the gender difference.
Subject(s)
Cisterna Magna , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Cisterna Magna/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. The species is listed as a Near Threatened (NT) species by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals and the Red List of China's Vertebrates. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of P. picticaudata and examined its phylogenetic position with other nine species in Artiodactyla. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,620 bp in length and contained 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region. Our data would provide reference information for further study of this species and be useful for evolutionary and phylogenetics studies for this NT species.
ABSTRACT
A permissive steroid glycosyltransferase (UGT74AN1) from Asclepias curassavica exhibited robust capabilities for the regiospecific C3 glycosylation of cardiotonic steroids and C21 steroid precursors, and unprecedented promiscuity toward 53 structurally diverse natural and unnatural compounds to form O-, N-, and S-glycosides, along with the catalytic reversibility for a one-pot transglycosylation reaction. These findings highlight UGT74AN1 as the first regiospecific catalyst for cardiotonic steroid C3 glycosylation and exhibit significant potential for glycosylation of diverse bioactive molecules in drug discovery.
Subject(s)
Asclepias , Glycosides , Glycosylation , Glycosyltransferases , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
The glycosyltransferase OleD variant as a catalyst for the glycosylation of four pairs of epimers of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are assessed. The results of this study demonstrated that the OleD-catalyze glycosylation of CTS is significantly influenced by the configuration at C-3 and the A/B fusion mode. 3ß-OH and A/B ring cis fusion are favoured by OleD (ASP). An epoxide ring at C-14 and C-15 further increases the bioconversion rate; while an acetyl group at C-16 and lactone ring type at C-17 did not influence the biotransformation. A high conversion rate corresponded to a low K m value. A molecular docking simulation showed that filling of hydrophobic pocket II and interaction with residue Tyr115 may play an important role in the glycosylation reactions catalyzed by OleD glycosyltransferases. Furthermore, the glycosylation products showed a stronger inhibitory activity for Na+, K+-ATPase than the corresponding aglycones. This study provides the first stereoselective properties for OleD (ASP) catalyzed glycosylation.
ABSTRACT
To master the soil fertility situation of afforestation areas, where trees would be planted, the soil samples of 524 afforestation areas were taken to test its nutrients in six prefectures of Tibet, and the soil fertility was analyzed by the method of modified Nemerow synthesis index. The results showed that the synthetic fertility index of afforestation areas was between 0.425 and 1.972 in Tibet. The numbers of afforestation areas with general level, barren level, and fecund level occupied 65.9%, 34.9% and 0.2%, respectively. The mean fertility index of each soil property was in the order of alkalytic nitrogenï¼ pH ï¼ total nitrogen ï¼ available potassium ï¼ organic matter ï¼ available phosphorus ï¼ total phosphorus ï¼ total potassium, which was between 0.654 and 2.643. The fertility level of total nitrogen, alkalytic nitrogen was mostly at the fecund and very fecund level. That of available potassium, organic matter, and total phosphorus was mainly at the general level. That of available phosphorus and total potassium was mainly at barren level, and soil pH was at a proper level. The synthetic fertility index in different prefectures was in the order of Nyingchi ï¼ Qamdo ï¼ Shannan ï¼ Lhasa ï¼ Shigatse ï¼ Ngari, which of afforestation areas was at the barren level in Ngari, Shigatse and Lhasa. The synthetic fertility index of Qamdo and Nyingchi were at general level. The number of afforestation areas at general level or barren level was nearly same in Shannan. The soil fertility of afforestation areas was low in Tibet as a whole. The soil synthetic fertility and sub-fertility of soil properties became gradually good from the northwest (Ngari) to the southeast (Nyingchi), suggesting obvious horizontal zonality.
