ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of doctoral programs has been a major topic of interest for national policies, universities, and researchers for decades now. However, studies that try to identify factors associated with doctoral students' success usually focus on characteristics measured during doctoral training, while the role of pre-doctorate characteristics remains underexplored. This research aims to fill this gap by examining whether and how various aspects of pre-doctorate experience-academic achievements, research experience related and unrelated to the dissertation topic, and teaching experience-contribute to the successful defense of the doctoral dissertation. Using data from a survey of the Russian doctoral programs' graduates (N = 985) and regression analysis, we show that research experience related to the dissertation topic is the only pre-doctorate characteristic associated with the successful defense of the dissertation. At the same time, the effect of this type of research experience vanishes when controlling for support from the supervisor and department that students receive during their training. The results of the study can be used for designing criteria for doctoral students' admission campaigns and introduction of integrated, or fast-track, doctoral programs, as well as to broaden our understanding of the relative importance of environmental vs. individual factors of doctoral students' outcomes.
Subject(s)
Academic Success , Physicians , Humans , Students , Hospitalization , PolicyABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP2C19, ABCB1, CYP2D6 and SLCO1B1 genes polymorphisms among residents of the Volga region (Chuvash and Mari) and northern Caucasus (Kabardins and Ossetians). Materials & methods: The study involved 845 apparently healthy volunteers of both sexes of the four different ethnic groups living in the Russian Federation: 238 from the Chuvash ethnic group, 206 Mari, 157 Kabardins and 244 Ossetians. Results: Significant differences were identified in allele frequency of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP2C19, ABCB1, CYP2D6 and SLCO1B1 genes polymorphisms between the Chuvash and Kabardins, Chuvash and Ossetians, Mari and Kabardians, Mari and Ossetians.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , Cardiovascular System/metabolism , Ethnicity/genetics , Alleles , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Female , Gene Frequency/genetics , Humans , Male , Pharmacogenetics/methods , Pharmacogenomic Testing/methods , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Prevalence , RussiaABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of the CES1 gene (c.1168-33A > C, rs2244613) polymorphism among 12 different ethnic groups living in Russia to provide a basis for future clinical studies concerning genetic determinants of dabigatran safety. The study involved 1630 apparently healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers of both genders from 12 different ethnic groups in Russia: 136 Russians, 90 Avars, 50 Dargins, 46 Laks, 120 Kabardians, 112 Balkars, 244 Ossetians, 206 Mari, 204 Mordvinians, 238 Chuvashes, 114 Buryats and 70 Nanays. Genotyping was performed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalence of the ethnic groups was compared with Caucasus population participating in the RE-LY study. Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphism were found between all ethnic groups and RE-LY participants. Based on obtained results, it can be assumed that patients of all ethnic groups living in Russia taking dabigatran have a lower risk of bleeding.
