[Respiratory function rehabilitation: a component of treatment for tuberculosis].

The present views of pathophysiological processes in tuberculosis make it necessary not only to suppress the vital activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but also to restore biophysical immune and other protective functions of an organism. The acutely progressive forms of tuberculosis isolating drug-resistant mycobacteria require that the exposure techniques improving circulation and metabolic and bioenergetic processes in the cellular and tissue structures at the site of a specific tuberculous process be compulsorily included. Rehabilitative measures considerably accelerate reparative processes, enhance the efficiency of standard chemotherapy regimens, and attend respiratory function recovery in tuberculosis and associated bronchopulmonary diseases. When in a day hospital, as many as 50% of the patients first registered may be examined and receive efficient standard chemotherapy in combination with rehabilitative measures.

[Principles in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with tuberculosis].

The etiotropic directionality of scientific searches of the introduction of new antibiotics and therapy regimens fails to substantially increase the efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis. The use of the strict multicomponent chemotherapy standards proposed for the treatment of different forms of tuberculosis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) being kept in mind does not reduce the number of progressing processes. Etiotropic chemotherapy with the standard regimens of different combinations and intensity, which is aimed at suppressing MBT viability should be always combined with the methods rehabilitating the physiological processes of cell-tissue masses involved into a specific tuberculous process. The basic methods are improvement of the gas-exchange function of respiratory organs; balanced diet; widely use of natural climatic and artificial physical factors. The combined use of etiotropic and rehabilitative therapies accelerates reparative processes and substantially reduces the time of involution of tuberculous inflammation and the patient's recovery. Thus, out of 258 patients with acutely progressive tuberculosis, their use ceased bacillar isolation in 84.2%, by closing decay cavities in 79.8% whereas out of 284 patients receiving the routine chemotherapy regimens, these figures were 57.3 and 40.8%, respectively. The efficient use of general biological principles in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with active tuberculosis can reduce the time of inpatient treatment by 1.5-2 times and accordingly economic expenses on the cure of a patient.