[The influence of different types of physical exertions on the mature males' biological age].

We studied the biological age according to anthropometric indexes, mental, physical and both the types of working efficiency in 122 males at the age of 50-59 years. All of them were devided into 5 groups: untrained individuals, going in for general physical training, sport veterans, specializing in endurance training, sport plays representatives, weight-lifters. We found out a younger biological age in sport veterans, who were carrying out dynamic exertions.

Experimental study of antinociceptive potency of dipeptide GB-115 during chemical and thermal stimulation.

The study examined the antinociceptive potency of dipeptide compound GB-115 (amide N-6-phenylhexanoyl-glycyl-L-tryptophan) during thermal and chemical noxious stimulation of mice. Peroral administration of GB-115 (0.1-20 mg/kg) decreased the incidence of abdominal contractions induced with intraperitoneal acetic acid (0.75%). This effect was comparable to that of sodium diclofenac (20 mg/kg); it was only partially antagonized with naloxone indicating the presence of significant non-opioid component in analgesic effect of GB-115. Ability of this dipeptide to moderate the nociceptive response in tail flick test under a non-selective blockade of the opioid receptors with naloxone and the absence of similar analgesic potency assessed in the hot plate test attest to predominant effect of GB-115 on spinal opioid receptors.

[Effect of GB-115 dipeptide on anxiety in rats with model benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome].

The effects of GB-115 dipeptide, a retroanalog of endogenous CCK-4, on the behavioral indices in "elevated plus maze" (EPM) test and on the content of biogenic amines in the brain structures after discontinuation of a chronic administration of benzodiazepine (BZ) derivatives phenazepam (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) have been studied in outbred and inbred MR/MNRA rats. It is established that, in 24-48 h following BZ withdrawal, GB-115 dipeptide administered in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p., produced an anxiolytic effect in all animals, which was manifested by increasing the stay time and number of entries in EPM. In the striatum of outbred rats, GB-115 increased DOPAC (+25%) and DA (+31.6%) levels that were decreased during diazepam withdrawal syndrome. The obtained results showed the GB-115 efficiency in attenuating the anxiety caused by BZ withdrawal.

Effect of afobazole on genotoxic effects of tobacco smoke in the placenta and embryonic tissues of rats.

The DNA comet assay was used to evaluate the severity of genotoxic changes in embryonic tissues and placenta of rats daily exposed to tobacco smoke per se or in combination with an anxiolytic agent afobazole. The exposure to tobacco smoke (4 cigarettes containing 13 mg tar and 1 mg nicotine per 72 dm(3)) for 20 min on days 1-13 of pregnancy increased the degree of DNA damage and elevation of apoptotic DNA comets in cells of the placenta and embryo from pregnant rats. Afobazole (1 and 10 mg/kg orally) reduced the genotoxic effect of tobacco smoke and decreased the amount of apoptotic DNA comets in placental tissue and embryonic tissue from rats.

[Afobazole influence on antinociceptive properties of morphine].

The effects of afobazole (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on the antinociceptive properties of morphine (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) were studied in mice. It is shown that afobazole attenuates the analgesic action of morphine in the "hot plate" and "tail flick" tests. This effect was prevented by sigma 1 receptor antagonist haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Data obtained suggested that a decrease in the morphine antinociceptive action by afobazole is related to its agonistic interaction with sigma 1 receptors at supraspinal and spinal levels.

[Manifestations of the antinociceptive and anxiolytic properties of the compound GB-115: interactions of cholecystokinin and opioid systems].

The antinociceptive and anxiolytic properties of the new drug GB-115 (0.0125-4 mg/kg, i.p.), which is a short peptide antagonist of CCK2-receptors, have been studied in rats and mice using thermal models of nociception and the standard "elevated plus-maze" (EPM) test for measuring anxiety. It s established that GB-115 (4 mg/kg) significantly increases the response latency in naloxone-independent manner in the "hot plate" test in mice and produced a moderate naloxone-reversible analgesic effect in the "tail flick" test in mice. The blocking of opioid receptors by naloxone does not influence the anxiolytic effects of GB-115 (0.025 and 4 mg/kg) in the EPM test on rats. It has been suggested that GB-115 produced anxiolytic acting on CCK2-receptors, and its role in the control of pain perception is manifested through the interaction with opioidergic mechanisms on a spinal level rather than with non-opioid mechanisms on a supraspinal level.

Effect of compound GB-115 on morphine-induced analgesia.

Experiments on outbred mice showed that compound GB-115, a retropeptide analogue of the tetrapeptide cholecystokinin, produced a naloxone-dependent potentiating effect on morphine-induced analgesia in the hot-plate test, but did not modulate animal behavior in the tail-flick test in outbred mice. This potentiation of antinociceptive activity of morphine was probably related to the interaction of GB-115 with supraspinal opioidergic mechanisms.

[Comparative analysis of childhood morbidity depending on the type of feeding].

Retrospective and prospective studies were made in 1248 infants of the first year of life and in 642 children aged 7 to 14 years who lived in Kirov and its region. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of different types of feeding on their morbidity. The children who had received an artificial feeding were ascertained to be more frequently ill both in their first year of life and at an older age.

[Comparative characteristics of physical development of first year infants].

Physical development data of 3740 first year infants born in 2002-2004 as compared with their 2782 coevals born in 1992-1994 is presented. Study results allowed to elaborate local standards of physical development of first year infants. It is established that in infants born in 2002-2004 increase of body mass and body height values occurs more steady than in their coevals born 10 years before. The reason is in altered approaches to infant feeding mode. Today, asthenization of first year infants relates to increase of chest circumference predetermining disharmonic development.

[A chamber for evaluating the free choice by laboratory rats and mice of a space containing tobacco smoke]. / Kamera dlia otsenki svobodnogo vybora laboratornymi krysami i myshami prostranstva, soderzhashchego tabachnyi dym.

An original experimental setup has been designed that allows evaluation of the free preference of space containing tobacco smoke by small laboratory animals. For the laboratory mice (C57B1/6 and BALB/c) and rats (MNRA and MR) placed every day into this box, no emotional-stress reaction (ESR) caused by the environment novelty was observed on the 19th day of experiment. A difference in the free preference of space containing tobacco smoke was observed between inbred animals with active and passive ESR phenotypes.

[Use of isradipine and lipostabil for protection of the kidney during extracorporeal lithotripsy]. / Primenenie isradipina i lipostabila dlia medikamentoznoi zashchity pochki pri provedenii distantsionnoi litotripsii.

The authors analyse the effects of ESWL on renal function in 180 patients with nephrolithiasis. Renal performance was judged by the level of enzymes. Pharmacological defense of the kidney was made with isradipine and lipostabil given for 12 weeks before lithotripsy and 4 weeks after it. Isradipine proved a good corrector of renal function after lithotripsy as it decreased enzymuria, promoted normalization of the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alpha-glucosidase and lactate dehydrogenase to the end of the first postoperative month. This indicates quicker recovery of renal parenchyma after ESWL. Lipostabil also improved enzymic indices. Its moderate protective action on renal parenchyma normalized levels of some enzymes one month after ESWL.

[The effect of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on the indices of urinary enzymes in nephrolithiasis patients]. / Vliianie ékstrakorporal'noi udarnovolnovoi litotripsii na pokazateli énzimurii u bol'nykh nefrolitiazom.

Immediate and long-term effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on urine enzymes were studied in 200 patients with nephrolithiasis (NL). The patients had abnormally high urine excretion of AP, GGT, APA, LDH and NAG, whereas aminotransferases excretion was low. Pathobiochemical and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed. Immediately after its conduction ESWL entails a mild injury to tubular portion of the nephron. The causes of long-term stay of enzymuria after ESWL in NL patients are discussed.

[The diagnostic significance of enzymuria in assessing kidney function in patients with urolithiasis]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie énzimurii v otsenke funktsii pochek u bol'nykh mochekamennoi bolezn'iu.

Urinary levels of L-, Y-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, L-leucine arylaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucose aminidase, pseudocholine esterase, neutral L-glucosidase were examined in 76 urolithiasis patients. The activity of the above enzymes was found enhanced. This may be due to dysfunction of the tubular system. The content of L-leucine arylaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucose aminidase, L-glucosidase provide the most complete diagnostic information compared to the other enzyme tests.

[Experimental epidural and conduction anesthesia with azacaine]. / Epidural'naia i provodnikovaia anesteziia azakainom v éksperimente.

Experimental studies were undertaken to examine azacaine used in mice during conduction anesthesia and in rabbits during epidural anesthesia in 0.75, 2 and 0.75, 1% solutions, respectively. It was found that azacaine in the above doses is 1.5-3.5-fold superior to 2% solutions of lidocaine (xycaine) and trimecaine (mesocaine) in their effect duration. Histological studies of the rabbit spinal cord after epidural azacaine administration revealed no significant changes in brain tissues.

[Effects of transcranial laser irradiation in near infrared range on antinociceptive reactions in mice after administration of diazepam, clopheline and morphine]. / Vliianie transkranial'nogo lazernogo oblucheniia v blizhnem infrakrasnom diapazone na antinotsitseptivnye reaktsii myshei na fone diazepama, klofelina i morfina.

The experiments were carried out on white mice whose brain was irradiated transcranially with laser light in infrared range. Exposure to irradiation was 20 min. In one group of animals only laser light was used, in others laser was combined with morphine (3mg/kg), clonidine (0.5 mg/kg), and diazepam (1 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally. The nociceptive reactions were studied with the help of "tail-flick" and "hot-plate" tests. It was found that laser light did not modify significantly the results of both tests. Moreover, it didn't influence the antinociceptive properties of morphine, clonidine and diazepam in the "hot-plate" test. In the "tail-flick" test laser light did not affect the action of clonidine, but provided naloxone-independent antinociceptive reaction with diazepam and increased the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Laser irradiation of the brain did not cause any significant morphological changes. These results suggest the possibility of modulating antinociceptive actions of morphine and diazepam by laser irradiation of the brain.

[Pharmacological regulation of opioidergic antinociceptive mechanisms]. / Farmakologicheskaia reguliatsiia opioidergicheskikh antinotsitseptivnykh mekhanizmov.

Naloxone-depending potentiation of morphine antinociception by some non-opioidergic compounds between different classes of drugs was found in experiments on mice using nociceptive stimuli of different modality. This potentiation can or cannot be bound with elevation of sensitivity of opioid receptors, release of endogenous opioids or destruction of blood-brain barrier function mor morphine peripheral administration. This potentiation named as "release of functional reserve of opioid antinociceptive response" can or cannot be accompanied by an increase of breathing function depression. Taking into account the data of literature about the dissociation of analgetic positive-supporting morphine effects and also the capability of some compounds to lower the narcogenic opiates potential, the supposition about the real possibility of creating combined drugs is made.

Dopaminergic involvement in the mediation of morphine effects on vocalization and movement reactivity in the rat.

To understand the role of dopamine in the mediation of opiate's analgesic and reinforcing activity, the influence of pharmacologically-induced increase (apomorphine in a high dose) and decrease (haloperidol and apomorphine in a low "presynaptic" dose) of dopamine neurotransmission on morphine-induced depression of vocalization and movement reactivity was investigated in freely behaving rats. Strong enhancement of morphine-induced vocalization reactivity depression and a weakening of movement reactivity depression typical to concomitant pharmacological increase of dopamine neurotransmission may represent the enhancement of its reinforcing and analgesic properties and inhibition of its depressive/sedative activity. Enhancement of MOR-induced depression of movement and vocalization reactivity characteristic of drug-induced decrease of dopamine neurotransmission may be the consequence of the blockade of opiate's reinforcing and stimulatory activity and summation of depressive/sedative actions typical to these drugs administered alone.