[Hypoxia-induced ischemic brain damage in newborns]. / Gipoksicheski-ishemicheskie povrezhdeniia mozga novorozhdennykh.

Fetal brain lesions are characterized by multifactorial genesis. Hypoxia is the central pathogenetic syndrome causing various structural changes of the brain and its malformations. A variety of morphological changes explains the polymorphism of clinical symptoms and long-term sequelae. The magnitude of the brain alterations depends on the gestational age at the moment of hypoxia and its intensity.

[Effects of ethanol and limontar in the antenatal period of development on lipid peroxidation process and antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver tissue of fetal and newborn rats]. / Deistvie etanola i limontara v antenatal'nom periode razvitiia na protsess perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i sistemu antioksidantnoi zashchity v tkani mozga i pecheni plodov i novorozhdennykh krys.

The process of lipid peroxidation and the system of antioxidant defense in brain and liver of fetuses on the 20th day of gestation and 1 day old rats after antenatal exposure to ethanol and limontar were studied. It was shown that antenatal exposure to ethanol led to activation of the process of lipid peroxidation in brain and to inhibition of of the enzyme system of antioxidant defense in liver of fetal and newborn rats. Limontar promoted the normalization of both the process of lipid peroxidation and the system of antioxidant defense.

[Activity of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase of the hemispheres and several subcortical zones of the human brain in prenatal ontogenesis]. / Aktivnost' atsetil- i butirilkholinésterazy polusharii i nekotorykh podkorkovykh zon mozga cheloveka v prenatal'nom ontogeneze.

Histochemical investigations of acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) activity in the cortical plate and in some subcortical areas of the human brain have demonstrated that on the 8th week of the prenatal development of the greatest AChE and BChE activity is observed in the dorsal thalamus, epithalamus and in the ependymal layer of various cerebral parts, the forebrain including. The data obtained, prove previous observations, concerning predominant localization of AChE in the intermediate layer of the isocortex (10 weeks). In a 10-week-old human fetus a total high level of AChE and BChE activity is demonstrated in various nuclei of the thalamus and in subcortical structures of the forebrain (nucl. caudatus, Meynert nucl.).

[The dose dependence of 15N-incorporation in organ proteins of newborn rats after pulse labeling with different tracers]. / Untersuchungen zur Dosisabhängigkeit der N-Inkorporation in Organproteine neugeborener Ratten nach Pulsmarkierung mit verschiedenen Tracern.

A short-chain 15N-peptide mixture characterized by an average chain length of 2.3 was obtained when 15N-labeled yeast protein has hydrolyzed enzymatically by thermitase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Fifteen newborn Wistar-rats were given a single pulse of [15N]glycine. [15N]H4Cl and [15N]yeast protein-thermitasehydrolysate (YPTH) in a dosage of 50 mg 15N excess kg-1 by gastric tube. In comparison with [15N]glycine the 15N-incorporation rates of brain, muscle and liver were approximately 150% higher after [15N]YPTH-application. Uniform labeling, high 15N-enrichment, almost complete absorption, avoidance of imbalances and the low price make this tracer substance superior to other tracers conventionally used for organ labeling.

Cerebral circulation control in healthy full-term neonates.

A study of the dynamic regulation of cerebral circulation and its metabolic regulation in hyperoxia in healthy mature infants has shown that dynamic regulation acquires some features that are typical of healthy adults by the second day of life. Hyperoxia on the first day after birth does not influence the volumetric parameters of cerebral circulation, but on subsequent days it results in their noticeable decrease. Thus, in healthy mature infants the development of dynamic regulation of cerebral circulation and its metabolic regulation occurs on the first day of life.

Social-demographic development of Vologda Oblast during the intercensal period 1970-79.

"Demographic trends in Vologda Oblast are analyzed on the basis of 1979 census results as a case study of an oblast involved in the [development] program for the Nonchernozem Zone of the RSFSR. The trend in the 1970-79 intercensal period was for continuing growth of urban population, especially in the two major urban centers of Vologda and the iron and steel city of Cherepovets, and depopulation of rural areas. The age-sex structure is distinguished by a strong aging trend and sex imbalance, especially in rural areas. Despite the proclaimed aim of fostering abandonment of tiny rural places (with 25 residents or less), the number of places in that size class actually increased during the intercensal period (from 40% of all rural places in 1970 to 52 percent in 1979)."

Effect of acute perinatal asphyxia on development of the lung and brain in the rat.

Fetal rats were exposed to asphyxia by compression of the umbilical vessels, and the animals were studied shortly after delivery, close to term (21st fetal day). Following asphyxia on the 20th fetal day, the lungs appeared immature. The surface active phospholipids, disaturated lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol, as well as the elastic tissue around the alveoli were lower than in the control littermates. However, lung maturity was little affected following asphyxia on the 17th-18th fetal day. As studied in the brain, hemorrhages in the periventricular area, sometimes intraventricular hemorrhages, were evident (asphyxia on the 17-18 and 20th fetal days). In addition, cells in cerebral cortex were altered following asphyxia of 17 - to 18-day-old fetuses. The present animal model clarifies the mechanism of increased incidence of respiratory distress syndrome following acute asphyxia and may prove to be useful in studies of pathogenesis of periventricular hemorrhages.

[Autonomic reactions in patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. / Osobennosti vegetativnykh reaktsii u bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

The authors examined the neurovegetative reactions in 20 children aged 2 to 5 years suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis. The children examined had suffered perinatal hypoxia and natal intracranial injuries. Combined examinations of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems were carried out in standard conditions in a microclimate chamber. Various types of the response of the above systems to the orthostatic, solar, and oculocardiac loads were revealed. The disturbances of the homeostatic functions of the central and peripheral genesis on the one hand, and mode-rate hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome on the other were found to be in parallel. On the basis of the data of their experimental study the authors conclude that in the children examined the higher vegetative centres responsible for the body homeostasis have suffered a hypoxic damage.

[Posthypoxic changes in the metabolism of the developing brain]. / Postgipoksicheskie izmeneniia obmena razvivaiushchegosia mozga.

Effect of intranatal hypoxia on content of adenylic nucleotides, glycogen, lactic acid as well as on activity of ATP-ases and concentration of free amino acids was studied in rat brain tissue at various periods of postnatal development (I day-5 months). Acute hypoxia was accompanied by a decrease in content of adenylic nucleotides and glycogen, by an increase in concentration of lactic acid and by a decrease in activity of ATP-ases. During the subsequent periods, in brain tissue of animals, subjected to hypoxia, posthypoxic activation of energy metabolism was found, which depended apparently on the decreased intensity of plastic processes during the phase of active growth and of neurone differentiation. Content of the essential amino acids, actively participating in protein synthesis, was increased but concentration of nonessential amino acids was decreased at this step. The subsequent decrease in content of macroergic compounds, increase in concentration of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate as well as the decrease in activity of ATP-ases were observed in 1.5-2 months old experimental animals. The biochemical and mophological data suggest that intranatal hypoxia is responsible for irreversible impairments in developing brain.

[Brain histology of premature infants who have suffered hypoxia and sepsis]. / K gistologii golovnogo mozga nedonoshennykh detei, perenesshikh gipoksiiu i sepsis.

Results of brain studies in 38 premature infants with severe peri- and postnatal pathology (intracranial labor trauma, asphyxia, sepsis) are presented. Clinico-morphological data detected that profound prematurity and consequently a profound immaturity of the brain, complicated by hypoxic damages during labor and early developing septic infections, lead to an expressed retardation and irreversible degenerative changes, especially in the brain structures which develop later. From the neurological point of view the most serious in relation to the prognosis are those children who are in a state of a stable inhibition of the CNS.