[The role of electron microscopy of ejaculate in the diagnosis of infertility associated with human papillomavirus infection].

INTRODUCTION: The problem of male infertility is multifactorial. However, in recent years, the question of the involvement of viruses, in particular human papillomaviruses (HPV), in the development of this condition has been actively discussed. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To study the role of ejaculate electron microscopy in the diagnosis of infertility associated with human papillomavirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of the results of electron microscopic examination of the ejaculate in 51 patients aged 22 to 40 years (mean age 32.3 +/- 6.4) with a diagnosis of infertility and pathospermia, combined with human papillomavirus infection (PVI), but with the absence of other risk factors, was carried out. RESULTS: Various variants of pathozoospermia were found in the ejaculate: asthenozoospermia (35.3%), asthenoteratazoospermia (31.4%), oligoasthenoteratazoospermia (19.6%), oligoasthenozoospermia (13.7%). Among the studied HPV types of high oncogenic risk prevailed (16, 18). More often (88.2%), HPV was registered as part of associations with dominance of types 16 and/or 18 and 33, as well as types 18 and 33. In electron microscopy, in 80.3% of cases, HPV was fixed on spermatozoa with localization on the acrosome (76.4%) and in the sperm plasma (52.9%). CONCLUSIONS: PVI, regardless of the type of HPV and the localization of virions on spermatozoa, significantly impairs the progressive motility and morphology of spermatozoa. The electron microscopy method allows not only to detect HPV in the ejaculate, but also to clarify its localization on the spermatozoon and determine those negative changes in the spermatozoon that are caused by the virus.

[The effectiveness of parodontax toothpaste in the complex treatment of chronic gingivitis]. / Effektivnost' primeneniya zubnoi pasty parodontax v kompleksnom lechenii khronicheskogo gingivita.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of parodontax Comprehensive Protection (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) toothpaste in the complex therapy of chronic gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 119 volunteers; group 1 (n=59, age range 18 to 32 years) and group 2 (n=60, age range 20 to 35 years) with a diagnosis of chronic gingivitis (K05.1). The criterion for inclusion in the study was sulcus bleeding index (SBI) more than 1 point. Dental examination included SBI, papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), and Green-Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After determining the indices, all patients underwent professional oral hygiene and controlled tooth cleaning. Patients in group 1 (parodontax) were prescribed parodontax Comprehensive Protection toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK), patients in group 2 - a toothpaste that did not contain sodium bicarbonate. Repeated clinical examinations with the determination of the SBI, PMA, OHI-S were carried out after week 2 and 4. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, SBI scores in group 1 were 63% lower than at baseline, and in group 2 - by 30%. PMA values at 4 weeks in group 1 were 58% and in group 2 30% lower, compared to baseline levels. The results of the analysis of the OHI-S index showed a statistically significant decrease in group 1 by 75%, while in group 2 by only 8% from the initial values. The difference in all index values between groups at 4 weeks of the study was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of parodontax Comprehensive Protection Toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of biofilm-associated gingivitis and effectively maintain optimal oral hygiene in patients.

[Clinic and treatment of the oral candidiasis]. / Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniya patsientov s kandidozom slizistoi obolochki rta.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to clarify the stages of examination of patients with various clinical manifestations of nosological forms of candidiasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of the ongoing antifungal therapy in the complex treatment of oral candidiasis, considering all factors and background diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 56 patients were examined and treated, of which 41 were women and 15 were men with a clinical course of candidiasis (acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, angular candidiasis cheilitis). The patients' age is from 33 to 78 years. All patients underwent a bacterioscopic examination of plaque. All patients diagnosed with oral candidiasis were prescribed complex treatment, which included both general and local therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of the patient's main diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, blood diseases, etc.) were mandatory. RESULTS: All patients taking antifungal therapy reported a significant improvement in the clinical condition of the oral mucosa. Burning sensation, pain, sensation of enlargement of the tongue, dryness in the oral cavity disappeared in the patients. After 2 weeks of drug therapy with fungicidal preparations, the patients were prescribed a second bacterioscopic examination. The results of laboratory studies showed the presence of single, non-budding Candida cells in the field of view and a minimal, diagnostically significant, degree of contamination, which corresponded to the candidacy. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that antifungal therapy for oral mucosa candidiasis should always be pathogenetically justified and should be carried out considering the patient's underlying disease.