Developing a modified textbook outcome for elderly patients with gastric cancer: a multi-center study.

OBJECTIVE: Textbook outcome (TO) is widely recognized as a comprehensive prognostic indication for patients with gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to develop a modified TO (mTO) for elderly patients with GC. METHODS: Data from the elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) in two Chinese tertiary referral hospitals were analyzed. 1389 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were assigned as the training cohort and 185 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Putian University as the validation cohort. Nomogram was developed by the independent prognostic factors of Overall Survival (OS) based on Cox regression. RESULTS: In the training cohort, laparoscopic surgery was significantly correlated with higher TO rate (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that surgical approach was also an independent factor of OS (P < 0.001), distinct from the traditional TO. In light of these findings, TO parameters were enhanced by the inclusion of surgical approach, rendering a modified TO (mTO). Further analysis showed that mTO, tumor size, pTNM staging, and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors associated with OS (all P < 0.05). Additionally, the nomogram incorporating these four indicators accurately predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in the training cohort, with AUC values of 0.793, 0.814, and 0.807, respectively, and exhibited outstanding predictive performance within the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: mTO holds a robust association with the prognosis of elderly patients with GC, meriting intensified attention in efforts aimed at enhancing surgical quality. Furthermore, the predictive model incorporating mTO demonstrates excellent predictive performance for elderly patients with GC.

Dihydroorotase MoPyr4 is required for development, pathogenicity, and autophagy in rice blast fungus.

Dihydroorotase (DHOase) is the third enzyme in the six enzymatic reaction steps of the endogenous pyrimidine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis pathway, which is a metabolic pathway conserved in both bacteria and eukaryotes. However, research on the biological function of DHOase in plant pathogenic fungi is very limited. In this study, we identified and named MoPyr4, a homologous protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DHOase Ura4, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and investigated its ability to regulate fungal growth, pathogenicity, and autophagy. Deletion of MoPYR4 led to defects in growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, the transfer and degradation of glycogen and lipid droplets, appressorium turgor accumulation, and invasive hypha expansion in M. oryzae, which eventually resulted in weakened fungal pathogenicity. Long-term replenishment of exogenous uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP) can effectively restore the phenotype and virulence of the ΔMopyr4 mutant. Further study revealed that MoPyr4 also participated in the regulation of the Pmk1-MAPK signaling pathway, co-localized with peroxisomes for the oxidative stress response, and was involved in the regulation of the Osm1-MAPK signaling pathway in response to hyperosmotic stress. In addition, MoPyr4 interacted with MoAtg5, the core protein involved in autophagy, and positively regulated autophagic degradation. Taken together, our results suggested that MoPyr4 for UMP biosynthesis was crucial for the development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. We also revealed that MoPyr4 played an essential role in the external stress response and pathogenic mechanism through participation in the Pmk1-MAPK signaling pathway, peroxisome-related oxidative stress response mechanism, the Osm1-MAPK signaling pathway and the autophagy pathway.

[Effects of Four Amendments on Cadmium Bioavailability and Enzyme Activity in Purple Soil].

In this study, the effects of four types of amendments on effective Cd and Cd content in different parts of prickly ash soil and soil enzyme activity were studied, which provided scientific basis for acidification improvement of purple soil and heavy metal pollution control. A field experiment was conducted. Six treatments were set up:no fertilizer (CK), only chemical fertilizer (F), lime + chemical fertilizer (SF), organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (OM), biochar + chemical fertilizer (BF), and vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer (JZ). Soil pH; available Cd (DTPA-Cd); Cd content in branches, leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum; as well as the activities of catalase (S-CAT), acid phosphatase (S-ACP), and urease (S-UE) in different treatments were studied, and their relationships were clarified. The results showed following:① The two treatments of vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil pH (P < 0.05) to 3.39 and 2.25 units higher than that in the control, respectively. Compared with that in the control treatment, the content of available Cd in soil under vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer treatment decreased by 28.91 % and 20.90 %, respectively. ② The contents of Cd in leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum were decreased by 31.33 %, 30.24 %, and 34.01 %, respectively. The Cd enrichment ability of different parts of Zanthoxylum was different, with the specific performances being leaves > branches > seeds > shells. Compared with that of the control, the enrichment coefficient of each part of Zanthoxylum treated with vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer decreased significantly(P < 0.05)by 27.54 %-40.0 %. ③ The changes in catalase and urease activities in soil treated with amendments were similar. Compared with those in the control group, the above two enzyme activities were significantly increased by 191.26 % and 199.50 %, respectively, whereas the acid phosphatase activities were decreased by 16.45 %. Correlation analysis showed that soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value(P < 0.01), S-CAT and S-UE enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with soil pH(P < 0.01), and the soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.01); the S-ACP enzyme showed the complete opposite trends. The application of lime and vinasse biomass ash to acidic purple soil had the most significant effect on neutralizing soil acidity. It was an effective measure to improve acidic purple soil and prevent heavy metal pollution by reducing the effective Cd content in soil and improving the soil environment while inhibiting the absorption and transfer of Cd in various parts of Zanthoxylum.

Csn5 inhibits autophagy by regulating the ubiquitination of Atg6 and Tor to mediate the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae.

Csn5 is subunit 5 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), but the mechanism by which it strictly controls the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi through autophagy remains unclear. Here, we found that Csn5 deficiency attenuated pathogenicity and enhanced autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. MoCSN5 knockout led to overubiquitination and overdegradation of MoTor (the core protein of the TORC1 complex [target of rapamycin]) thereby promoted autophagy. In addition, we identified MoCsn5 as a new interactor of MoAtg6. Atg6 was found to be ubiquitinated through linkage with lysine 48 (K48) in cells, which is necessary for infection-associated autophagy in pathogenic fungi. K48-ubiquitination of Atg6 enhanced its degradation and thereby inhibited autophagic activity. Our experimental results indicated that MoCsn5 promoted K48-ubiquitination of MoAtg6, which reduced the MoAtg6 protein content and thus inhibited autophagy. Aberrant ubiquitination and autophagy in ΔMocsn5 led to pleiotropic defects in the growth, development, stress resistance, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. In summary, our study revealed a novel mechanism by which Csn5 regulates autophagy and pathogenicity in rice blast fungus through ubiquitination.

[Effects of Modified Distillers' Grains Biochar on Cadmium Forms in Purple Soil and Cadmium Uptake by Rice].

Biochar and modified biochar have been widely used as remediation materials in heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soils. In order to explore economical and effective materials for the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated acidic purple soil, distillers 'grains were converted into distillers' grains biochar (DGBC) and modified using nano-titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO2) to produce two types of modified DGBCs:TiO2/DGBC and Fe-TiO2/DGBC. A rice pot experiment was used to investigate the effects of different biochar types and application rates (1%, 3%, and 5%) on soil properties, nutrient content, Cd bioavailability, Cd forms, rice growth, and Cd accumulation. The results showed that:① DGBC application significantly increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient content, with TiO2/DGBC and Fe-TiO2/DGBC exhibiting better effects. ② DGBC and modified DGBCs transformed Cd from soluble to insoluble forms, increasing residual Cd by 1.22% to 18.46% compared to that in the control. Cd bioavailability in soil decreased significantly, with available cadmium being reduced by 11.81% to 23.67% for DGBC, 7.64% to 43.85% for TiO2/DGBC, and 19.75% to 55.82% for Fe-TiO2/DGBC. ③ DGBC and modified DGBCs increased rice grain yield, with the highest yields observed at a 3% application rate:30.60 g·pot-1 for DGBC, 37.85 g·pot-1 for TiO2/DGBC, and 39.10 g·pot-1 for Fe-TiO2/DGBC, representing 1.13, 1.40, and 1.44 times the control yield, respectively. Cd content in rice was significantly reduced, with grain Cd content ranging from 0.24 to 0.30 mg·kg-1 for DGBC, 0.16 to 0.26 mg·kg-1 for TiO2/DGBC, and 0.14 to 0.24 mg·kg-1 for Fe-TiO2/DGBC. Notably, Cd content in rice grains fell below the food safety limit of 0.2 mg·kg-1 (GB2762-2022) at 5% for TiO2/DGBC and 3% and 5% for Fe-TiO2/DGBC. In conclusion, Nano-TiO2 modified DGBC effectively reduced the bioavailability of soil Cd through its own adsorption and influence on soil Cd forms distribution, thus reducing the absorption of Cd by rice and simultaneously promoting rice growth and improving rice yield. It is a type of Cd-contaminated soil remediation material with a potential application prospect. The results can provide scientific basis for farmland restoration and agricultural safety production of Cd-contaminated acidic purple soil.

[Effects of Four Amendments on Fertility and Labile Organic Carbon Fractions of Acid Purple Soil].

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of four amendments on soil fertility and labile carbon fraction characteristics of acid purple soil, so as to provide scientific basis for nutrient management and carbon storage stability in purple soil. Field experiments were carried out, and six treatments were set up:no fertilization (CK), only chemical fertilizer (F), lime + chemical fertilizer (SF), organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (OM), biochar + chemical fertilizer (BF), and vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer (JZ). The contents of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrients, soil integrated fertility index (IFI), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), their effective rates, and soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) under different treatments were studied to clarify their relationships. The results showed that:① the application of amendments significantly increased soil pH and the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (P<0.05). The OM and JZ treatments had the most significant increase in soil comprehensive fertility index (P<0.05), with increases of 1.96 and 0.77 and 170.43% and 66.96%, respectively. ② Compared with those in the control treatment, the contents of POC, MBC, and DOC in JZ and OM increased by 110.30% and 84.81%, 61.08% and 46.56%, and 195.87% and 141.67%, respectively. The application of amendments significantly increased the soil carbon pool index (CPI) and CMPI (P<0.05), in which the OM treatment showed the most significant increase, with soil CPI and CMPI values increasing by 107.34% and 90.75% compared with those of the control, respectively. ③ Soil organic carbon and its labile fractions were positively correlated with IFI (P<0.05), and redundancy analysis showed that there were significant differences among different treatments. The interpretation rates of soil IFI, pH, and available potassium to organic carbon and its components reached significant levels, and the order of interpretation rates was IFI(74.6%)>pH (11.7%)>AK(6.5%). The application of vinasse biomass ash and organic fertilizer to acid purple soil had the most significant effect on improving soil fertility and soil quality and was conducive to promoting the accumulation and activation of soil carbon fractions.

[Effects of Different Modifiers on Aggregates and Organic Carbon in Acidic Purple Soil].

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different modifiers on the changes in aggregates and organic carbon in acidic purple soil， providing a scientific basis for the remediation of acidic purple soil. Using purple soil as the research object， a total of six treatments were set up， including no fertilization （CK）， single fertilization （F）， fertilization with lime （SF）， fertilization with organic fertilizer （OM）， fertilization with biochar （BF）， and fertilization with distiller's grains ash （JZ）. We compared the composition of aggregates in acidic purple soil under the application of different modifiers， as well as the distribution pattern of organic carbon in aggregates of different particle sizes. Combined with the stability indicators of aggregates， we sought to clarify the impact of different modifiers on the structure of aggregates in acidic purple soil. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the soil pH， with the JZ treatment being the most effective. Fertilization significantly increased soil organic matter content， with the OM treatment showing the largest increase. The BF and OM treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density， whereas the SF and BF treatments significantly increased soil moisture content （P < 0.05）. All treatments used < 0.25 mm aggregates as the dominant particle size. Fertilization could significantly increase the content of large aggregates （aggregate structure units with diameter > 0.25 mm）. At the same time， fertilization treatments significantly increased the soil geometric mean diameter （GMD）， average weight diameter （MWD）， and R0.25 value （ > 0.25 mm aggregate content） and reduced the fractal cone number （D） and aggregate destruction rate （PAD） values （P < 0.05）. Fertilization also promoted the aggregation and stability of soil aggregates， with the OM treatment having the greatest effect. Compared with that in the CK treatment， fertilization could significantly increase soil organic carbon content by 31.71%-209.67%， with the OM treatment showing the most significant change. Different treatments of soil organic carbon were mainly distributed in large aggregates. Compared with that in the CK treatment， each treatment significantly increased the contribution rate of organic carbon in large aggregates by 19.34%-47.76%， with the OM treatment having the most significant effect （P < 0.05）. In general， chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could promote the formation of large aggregates in acidic purple soil， improve the stability of soil aggregates， and increase the content of soil organic carbon， which is an effective measure to improve the soil structure and improve the quality of acidic purple soil.

Six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics one-piece posterior chamber intraocular lens by a single suture.

To evaluate a novel technique for six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) by a single suture. Nine eyes of nine patients were studied from September 2021 to March 2023. All patients had undergone vitrectomy. Only a single 9-0 polypropylene suture was used for scleral fixation. The three looped haptics were fixed at 12, 4, and 8 o'clock with six-point scleral fixation. The entire procedure took about 30 min. Among the nine patients, eight (88.8%) eyes had a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, whereas one (11.2%) eye showed no change. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. By ultrasonic biomicroscopy examination, intraocular lenses were well positioned and stable with no tilt in the horizontal and vertical axis. The method of six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics PCIOL by a single suture is safe and effective.

Effect of sarcopenia on short-term and long-term outcomes of older patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of preoperative sarcopenia on the short-term and long-term outcomes in older patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). METHODS: Clinicopathological data of older patients with LAGC who underwent radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index of less than 36.4 cm2/m2 for men and less than 28.4 cm2/m2 for women. Comparing the postoperative complications and survival between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups using multicenter data. RESULTS: A total of 406 older patients with LAGC were included in the analysis, including 145 (35.7%) with sarcopenia and 261 (64.3%) with non-sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications with CD grade ≥ II (OR 1.616; P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the sarcopenia group were lower than those in the non-sarcopenia group (P both < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that sarcopenia was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year OS and RFS (P both < 0.05). The 5-year recurrence rate in the sarcopenia group was 57.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the non-sarcopenia group (46.4%; P = 0.036). Recurrence pattern analysis showed that the incidence of distant metastases in patients with sarcopenia (42.8%) was significantly higher than non-sarcopenia (31.4%; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia serves as a valuable predictor of both short-term and long-term outcomes in older patients with LAGC. Therefore, the significance of assessing preoperative nutritional status and implementing thorough postoperative follow-up for older LAGC patients with sarcopenia should be emphasized.

Clinical Study on the Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap in Breast-Conserving Reconstruction of T2 Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery combined with oncoplastic breast surgery has become the standard surgical treatment for early breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAPF) in breast-conserving reconstruction of T2 breast cancer. METHODS: Thirty patients with T2 breast cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled to receive pedicled TDAPF for repairing breast defects after breast-conserving surgery. Intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and shape satisfaction after breast reconstruction were recorded. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in all 30 patients, with an operation time of 177.77 ± 24.39 min, bleeding of 44.17 ± 7.67 mL, and length of hospital stay of 5.23 ± .97 d. There was no deformity or seroma at the donor site. Breast shape recovered well after operation. After operation, one patient had fat liquefaction in the recipient site, which healed well after wound treatment. The incidence of postoperative complications was 3.33%. Postoperative follow-up lasted 16-28 months, with a median of 22 months. The Breast-Q score for breast satisfaction was 61.83 ± 12.87 at 6 months after operation, compared to 62.07 ± 11.78 before operation (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: TDAPF, featuring a high survival rate, moderate flap area, fewer postoperative complications, and high satisfaction with breast shape after operation. For east asian women with moderate breast size, TDAPF is a safe, effective choice for repairing defects in breast-conserving surgery for T2 breast cancer.

Trichinella spiralis cathepsin B bound and degraded host's intestinal type I collagen.

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that poses threats to human health, the meat industry, food safety, and huge financial losses. The critical stage of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection is the invasion of intestinal larvae into the host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). T. spiralis Cathepsin B (TsCB) specifically interacts with IECs to facilitate the invasion of larvae. This study aims to look at how TsCB affects mouse IECs. TsCB was successfully cloned, expressed, and characterized, demonstrating its natural cysteine protease hydrolysis activity. A total of 140 proteins that interact with rTsCB were identified by GST pull-down combined with LC-MS/MS, including type I collagen, an essential component of the host's intestinal epithelial barrier system and intimately related to intestinal epithelial damage. TsCB transcription and expression levels rise, whereas type I collagen in the host's intestinal mucosa declines when the T. spiralis larvae invaded. Besides, it was discovered that TsCB bound to and degraded type I collagen of the host's intestine. This research can serve as a foundation for clarifying how T. spiralis invades the host's intestinal barrier and might provide information on potential targets for the creation of novel treatments to treat parasite illnesses.

[Effects of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar on Denitrifying Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities in Orchard Soil].

To study the effects of organic fertilizer combined with biochar on soil denitrification and denitrifying microbial community structure, this study took lemon orchard soil as the research object and adopted a pot experiment, setting up five fertilization treatments:no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(F), organic fertilizer(P), fertilizer+biochar(FP), and organic fertilizer+biochar(PP). The abundance and community structure of denitrifying microorganisms were studied using real-time quantitative PCR and T-RFLP. Redundancy analysis(RDA) was used to explore the environmental factors affecting the denitrifying microbial community structure, and PLS-PM analysis was used to explore the environmental factors affecting the denitrification potential of lemon orchard soil. The results showed as follows:① compared with that under the single fertilizer treatment(F), the organic fertilizer and biochar(P, FP, and PP) treatments significantly increased the denitrification potential of the soil, ranging from 147.8% to 1445.3%. The denitrification rate of soil treated with organic fertilizer combined with biochar was 23.8% lower than that treated with organic fertilizer alone. ② Compared with that in the CK treatment, fertilization treatment significantly increased the abundance of nirS and nirK denitrification microorganisms. Fertilizer treatments(F and FP) significantly reduced the abundance of nosZ denitrifying microorganisms. Biochar treatment significantly changed the diversity and uniformity of denitrifying microorganisms, but the specific law and mechanism quality remained unclear. ③ The results of RDA analysis showed that fertilization could affect the community structure of nirS, nirK, and nosZ denitrifying microorganisms by changing C/N, WC, NO3--N, SOC, AK, and AP. ④ PLS-PM analysis showed that soil denitrification was positively correlated with pH and the abundance of nirK denitrification microorganisms, and NO3--N indirectly affected soil denitrification by affecting the abundance of nirK denitrification microorganisms. In addition, the nirK microbial community was the dominant microbial community in soil denitrification in lemon orchards. In conclusion, organic fertilizer directly affected soil denitrification by regulating soil pH, whereas regulating NO3--N content affected nirK denitrification microbial abundance, indirectly affecting soil denitrification. The application of organic fertilizer combined with biochar could slow down the improvement of soil denitrification caused by single application of organic fertilizer, which is more suitable for promotion in orchards in this region.

[Response of Nitrification Potential and Ammonia Oxidation Microbial Community in Purple Soils to the Application of Biochar Combined with Chemical Fertilizer and Manure].

The effects of manure and chemical fertilizer combined with biochar on nitrification potential and ammonia oxidation microbial change characteristics of purple soils were studied to explore the effects of fertilization measures and soil environmental factors on nitrification potential and ammonia oxidation microbial change characteristics. In this study, purple soil was taken as the research object, and five treatments were set up:no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertilizer(F), manure(P), chemical fertilizer plus biochar(FP), and manure plus biochar(PP). PCR and T-RFLP methods were used to study the characteristics of soil AOA and AOB communities, and soil nitrification potential and environmental factors were measured at the same time to determine the effect of manure combined with biochar on the nitrification potential of purple soil. The results showed that:① compared with that in the CK treatment, the FP and PP treatments significantly increased soil nitrification potential(P<0.05). ② Compared with that in the CK treatment, the F, P, FP, and PP treatments significantly increased the number of copies of the AOA amoA gene in the soil by 78.17%-162.22%(P<0.05), and the F, FP, and PP treatments significantly increased the number of copies of the AOB amoA gene by 21.56%-78.32%(P<0.05). ③ Compared with that in the CK treatment, the PP treatment significantly improved the Shannon, richness, and evenness indices of the soil AOA community(P<0.05), and the combination of biochar(FP and PP treatments) could change the community structure of the soil AOB. ④ The chemical fertilizer and manure affected the AOA and AOB community structure by changing soil properties such as pH, TP, AP, C/N, SOM, NO3--N, and NH4+-N. ⑤ Stepwise regression analysis further showed that AOB amoA gene abundance was the main factor affecting soil nitrification potential. Therefore, under the condition that chemical fertilizer and manure were applied together with biochar, the AOB community was the main driver of the ammonia oxidation process in acidic purple soil, and fertilization affected the ammonia oxidation process by regulating C/N and NO3--N.

Clinical study on single-port endoscopic resection via a gasless transaxillary approach in the treatment of breast fibroadenoma in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Breast fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumour. This study aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic-assisted resection via a gas-less transaxillary single-port approach for breast fibroadenoma in adolescent patients, compared with a traditional approach. METHODS: The clinical data of 83 patients with breast fibroadenoma treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were collected for retrospective analysis. These patients were divided into an endoscopic-assisted surgery (ES) group (n = 39) and a traditional open surgery (OS) group (n = 44) according to the surgical approach. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The surgical cost was (5.1 ± 0.6) thousand Yuan [(0.7 ± 0.1) thousand US dollars] in the ES group and (3.5 ± 2.7) thousand Yuan [(0.5 ± 0.4) thousand US dollars] in the OS group, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, or the rate of postoperative complications between the two groups. Stratified analysis revealed that the ES group had a significantly shorter operative time [(57.00 ± 10.26) min vs. (78.27 ± 7.63)] (p < 0.001), a smaller incision length [(3.73 ± 0.34) cm vs. (4.42 ± 0.44) cm] (p < 0.001), and a lower complication incidence rate (11.1% vs. 63.6) (p = 0.011) than the OS group in the cases with a nodule number ≥ 3. The satisfaction score using the BREAST-Q scale indicated that psychosocial well-being and patient satisfaction with the breast in the ES group were significantly superior to those in the OS group [(91.18 ± 3.12) points vs. (87.00 ± 4.45) points and (91.03 ± 6.80) points vs. (84.45 ± 6.06) points, respectively] (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: ES is a safe and effective method for the treatment of fibroadenoma. In patients with multiple fibroadenomas (≥ 3 tumours), ES has a shorter operative time and fewer postoperative complications. ES demonstrates a significant, prominent advantage in cosmetic appearance. However, it should be noted that ES is associated with higher costs than OS.

[Effects of Modified Distiller's Lees Biochar on Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Purple Soil].

In order to investigate the effects of distiller's lees biochar and different modified distiller's lees biochars on soil properties, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil amendments (CK:no amendment, JZ:distiller's lees biochar, TiO2/JZ:Nano-TiO2 supported by distiller's lees biochar, and Fe/TiO2/JZ:titanium dioxide supported by iron-modified distiller's lees biochar) and the application rates of different amendments (1%, 3%, and 5%) on the characteristics of soil nutrients and enzyme activities under irrigation-drought rotation. The results showed the following:①the modified distiller's lees biochar significantly increased soil pH and CEC (P<0.05). At the 5% Fe-TiO2/JZ addition level, the soil pH reached 7.95 during the rice season, an increase of 2.3 units compared with that in the CK treatment; the CEC reached 12.06 cmol·kg-1, increasing by 21.38%; the soil pH reached 5.99 during the cabbage season and increased by 1.5 units compared with that in the CK treatment; and CEC reached 8.91 cmol·kg-1 at 3% Fe-TiO2/JZ addition and increased by 13.11%. ②At the same time, the contents of soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with that in the CK treatment, the soil total nitrogen of 5% JZ, 5% TiO2/JZ, and 5% Fe-TiO2/JZ increased by 20.56%, 85.04%, and 59.61% in the rice season and 12.39%, 22.68%, and 23.70% in the cabbage season, respectively. In the rice season, the increase in soil available P under 5% Fe-TiO2/JZ was the highest, reaching 10.49 mg·kg-1, which was 1.64 times that under CK treatment. In the cabbage season, the soil available phosphorus (P) reached 90.15 mg·kg-1 under 5% TiO2/JZ addition, which increased by 93.38% compared with that in the CK treatment. ③Modified distiller's lees biochar increased catalase and urease activities and decreased alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content and acid phosphatase activity. At the 3% addition level, catalase activity increased by 12.19%, 48.17%, and 37.30% in the rice season and 5.95%, 8.34%, and 17.42% in the cabbage season, respectively. In the rice season, the soil urease activity reached the maximum under 5% Fe-TiO2/JZ addition, which was increased by 40.90% compared with that in the CK treatment. In the cabbage season, the soil urease activity reached the maximum under 5% TiO2/JZ addition, which was increased by 58.53% compared with that in the CK treatment. The activity of acid phosphatase decreased by 5.39%-24.66% in the rice season and by 54.46%-61.40% in the cabbage season. Distiller's lees biochar and modified distiller's lees biochar could effectively increase soil pH and soil nutrient content, thus affecting soil enzyme activities. The application of iron modified-titanium dioxide-loaded distiller's lees biochar of 3% to 5% in acidic purple soil is more suitable.

[Biochar or Straw Substituting Chemical Fertilizer Increase the Risk of Phosphorus Loss in Subsurface Runoff in Sloping Farmland].

The purple soil slope farmland is an important agricultural land in southwest China but is also one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Taking reasonable measures to control the loss of soil nutrients is of great significance to the treatment of non-point source pollution in the region. Here, a three-year (2018-2020) field runoff experiment was conducted to monitor and evaluate the phosphorus (P) loss in sloping farmland via surface runoff (i.e., surface flow, 0-20 cm) and subsurface runoff (i.e., subsurface flow, 20-60 cm), with five treatments including no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), optimal fertilization (OF), biochar combined with 85% of OF (BF), and straw combined with 85% of OF (SF). The results showed that fertilization application reduced the sediment yields and surface runoff flux but increased the subsurface runoff flux. The total loss flux of phosphate (PO3-4-P), total phosphorus (TP), and particulate phosphorus (PP) in surface flow were the highest in the BF treatment and the lowest in the SF treatment. All fertilization applications increased the P loss fluxes in subsurface flow relative to that in CK. The highest PO3-4-P and TP loss flux in subsurface flow was found in the BF (213.88 g·hm-2 and 694.54 g·hm-2, respectively) treatment, followed by that in the OF and SF treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that surface runoff flux and biochar application were the main factors contributing to increased P loss in surface flow, and subsurface runoff flux was the main factor contributing to increased P loss in subsurface flow. In summary, the SF treatment reduced the amount of sediment yield and surface runoff flux in sloping farmland of purple soil and was the most effective for controlling P loss, whereas the risk of subsurface runoff flux requires further attention.

[Effect of Chemical Fertilizer and Manure Combined with Biochar on Denitrification Potential and Denitrifying Bacterial Community in Rhizosphere Soil].

To clarify the effect of chemical fertilizer and manure combined with biochar on denitrifying microorganisms and denitrification potential of rhizosphere soil, a pot experiment growing lemon was conducted involving five treatments, namely no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), manure (M), chemical fertilizer combined with biochar (CFBC), and manure combined with biochar (MBC). We determined the characteristics of the rhizosphere soil nirS-, nirK-, and nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria populations; denitrification potential; and soil environmental factors to clarify the effects of chemical and manure combined with biochar on denitrification. Our results showed that compared with that in CK, the CF treatment reduced the rhizosphere soil denitrification potential by 47.7%, whereas the M and MBC treatments increased the denitrification potential by 2192.7% and 1989.9%, respectively. The M and MBC treatments increased the gene copy number of nirS and nosZ, the CF and CFBC treatments decreased the gene copy number of nirS and nosZ, and all four fertilization treatments increased the gene copy number of nirK. Stepwise regression analysis showed that pH was the main factor for the abundance of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria and SOM and NH+4-N were the main factors for the abundance of nirK-type denitrifying bacteria, whereas pH, NO-3-N, and N/P were main factors for the abundance of nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria. The results of partial least squares analysis indicated that the abundance of nirS-and nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria, pH, TN, and N/P were the main factors affecting rhizosphere denitrification potential. Therefore, in acidic purple soil, nirS- and nosZ-type denitrifying bacteria were the main drivers of the soil denitrification process in lemon rhizospheres under chemical fertilizer and pig manure combined with biochar, whereas fertilizer affected the rhizosphere soil denitrification process by regulating soil pH, TN, and N/P.

MoCbp7, a Novel Calcineurin B Subunit-Binding Protein, Is Involved in the Calcium Signaling Pathway and Regulates Fungal Development, Virulence, and ER Homeostasis in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Calcineurin, a key regulator of the calcium signaling pathway, is involved in calcium signal transduction and calcium ion homeostasis. Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating filamentous phytopathogenic fungus in rice, yet little is known about the function of the calcium signaling system. Here, we identified a novel calcineurin regulatory-subunit-binding protein, MoCbp7, which is highly conserved in filamentous fungi and was found to localize in the cytoplasm. Phenotypic analysis of the MoCBP7 gene deletion mutant (ΔMocbp7) showed that MoCbp7 influenced the growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, invasive growth, and virulence of M. oryzae. Some calcium-signaling-related genes, such as YVC1, VCX1, and RCN1, are expressed in a calcineurin/MoCbp7-dependent manner. Furthermore, MoCbp7 synergizes with calcineurin to regulate endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Our research indicated that M. oryzae may have evolved a new calcium signaling regulatory network to adapt to its environment compared to the fungal model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cd(II)/Mn(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Zn(II) Coordination Polymers Built from Dicarboxylic Acid/Tetracarboxylic Acid Ligands: Their Structural Diversity and Fluorescence Properties.

Six Cd(II)/Mn(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Zn(II) coordination complexes are formulated as [Cd2(X2-)2(µ3-O)2/3]n (1), [Mn2(X2-)2(µ3-O)2/3]n (2), {[Co1.5(Y4-)0.5(4,4'-bpy)1.5(OH-)]·2H2O}n (3), {[Ni(X2-)(4,4'-bpy)(H2O)2]·4H2O}n (4), [Zn(m-bdc2-)(bebiyh)]n (5), and [Cd(5-tbia2-)(bebiyh)]n (6) (H2X = 3,3'-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene) dipropionic acid. H4Y = 2,2'-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene) dimalonic acid, bebiyh = 1,6-bis(2-ethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexane, m-H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and 5-H2tbia = 5-(tert-butyl)isophthalic acid) were obtained by hydrothermal reactions and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 have a 6-connected 3D architecture and with several point symbols of (36·46·53). Complex 3 features a 5-connected 3D net structure with a point symbol of (5·69). Complex 4 possesses a 4-connected 2D net with a vertex symbol of (44·62). Complex 5 is a 3-connected 2D network with a point symbol of (63). Complex 6 is a (3,3)-connected 2D network with a point symbol of (63)2. In addition, complexes 1 and 4 present good photoluminescence behaviors. The electronic structures of 1 and 4 were investigated with the density functional theory (DFT) method to understand the photoluminescence behaviors.

[Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Substitute with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Functional Microbes and Lemon Yield and Quality].

To clarify the effects of non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil functional microbes (nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms) on lemon yield and quality, the lemon fruit and non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil were selected as subjects. To explore the correlation between non-rhizosphere/rhizosphere soil functional microbes and lemon yield and quality under a chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer, traditional fruit quality determination and multiple molecular techniques were used. The results showed that:① 30% chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer increased the nitrification intensity and phosphatase activity but effectively controlled the denitrifying enzyme activity. ② The chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer significantly decreased the abundances of nitrifiers and nirS/nirK-harboring denitrifiers and significantly increased the abundances of nosZ-harboring denitrifier and phoD-harboring microorganisms. However, the diversities of functional microbial community structure did not have clear regularity under chemical fertilizer reduction substitute with organic fertilizer. ③ Compared with that under the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone, lemon yield and quality were the highest under the 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer substitute with organic fertilizer. ④ Nitrogen and its related microbes significantly affected lemon yield through internal and external quality. Phosphorus and its related microbes affected lemon yield mainly through internal quality. In addition, the influence factors of non-rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil on lemon intrinsic quality were obviously different. Altogether, these results showed that the 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer substitute with organic fertilizer significantly affected soil nitrogen and phosphorus functional microorganisms and further improved lemon yield and quality.