ABSTRACT
SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of blindness in individuals younger than 60 years. Screening for retinopathy is undertaken using conventional color fundus photography and relies on the identification of hemorrhages, vascular abnormalities, exudates, and cotton-wool spots. These can sometimes be difficult to identify. PURPOSE: Multicolor scanning laser imaging, a new imaging modality, may have a role in improving screening outcomes, as well as facilitating treatment decisions. METHODS: Observational case series comprising two patients with known diabetes who were referred for further examination after color fundus photography revealed abnormal findings. Multicolor scanning laser imaging was undertaken. Features of retinal disease from each modality were compared. RESULTS: Multicolor scanning laser imaging provides superior visualization of retinal anatomy and pathology, thereby facilitating risk stratification and treatment decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Multicolor scanning laser imaging is a novel imaging technique offering the potential for improving the reliability of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Validation studies are warranted.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Retina/pathology , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retinal DiseasesABSTRACT
We report a case of a patient with treated breast cancer whose dilated fundus examination showed crystalline deposits in the central region of the macula. She was taking tamoxifen for secondary prevention. Optical coherence tomography revealed individual refractile deposits associated with intraretinal cysts in both eyes. Tamoxifen-related retinopathy was suspected. A decision to discontinue treatment with tamoxifen was considered but had to be taken in conjunction with the oncologist.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cysts/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Tamoxifen/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Cysts/pathology , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Macula Lutea/pathology , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Secondary Prevention , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Corrosive ingestion is common in Asia and it is a frequent cause of morbidity secondary to intense fibrotic reaction and stricture formation of the oesophagus. Isolated corrosive pyloric stenosis without oesophageal involvement is an uncommon phenomenon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All consecutive patients, with corrosive ingestion in the last two decades, were reviewed and analysed. Eleven out of 201 patients with corrosive ingestion had isolated gastric outlet obstruction. RESULTS: Patients' age ranged from 11 to 29 years with a male:female ratio of 1.75:1. All patients developed pyloric stenosis following ingestion of solution of acids. Barium study revealed complete/near-complete gastric outlet obstruction in all patients. On laparotomy, there was gastric dilatation in 10 patients, who underwent posterior gastrojejunostomy, whereas the stomach was contracted in one patient, and hence anterior gastrojejunostomy was performed. Seven patients were completely relieved of their symptoms; persistent postprandial epigastric fullness and/or dyspepsia was observed in four patients whose gastrojejunostomy stoma was found adequate on barium study, suggestive of gastric motility disorder. We did not encounter gastrojejunostomy-related complication of stomal ulcer/stenosis in our patients. CONCLUSION: Isolated corrosive pyloric stenosis is not as rare as is commonly thought. Gastrojejunostomy is effective, although a fair percentage of patients appear to develop gastric motility disorder secondary to corrosive injury.
