ABSTRACT
The durability of historic wall paintings is highly dependent on environmental influences such as moisture ingress, salt crystallization and temperature changes. A fundamental understanding of dynamic transport processes in wall paintings is necessary to apply suitable conservation and restoration methods to preserve such objects with high cultural value. Non-invasive, mobile-NMR techniques with single-sided sensors, such as the NMR-MOUSE(®), enable to monitor the moisture content, transport and apparent diffusion constants in wall paintings. We investigated this technique by experiment and modeling to correlate salt crystallization, moisture transport and local diffusion in wall-painting samples. Moreover, the influence of different painting techniques (fresco and secco) and conservation/consolidation methods on moisture transport and diffusion is discussed. The results are compared with results from field measurements on real fresco paintings in Casa del Salone Nero and the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, Italy.
ABSTRACT
Rectal atresia and stenosis are rare and peculiar anorectal malformations for which many and varied surgical procedures have been described, ranging from simple perforation of the atresia to extensive sacro-abdomino-perineal pull-through operations. The results of the operations have been generally unsatisfactory, chronic constipation being a common postoperative feature. In the authors' experience, the Duhamel pull-through is the operation of choice for this problem.
