ABSTRACT
Este artigos tem como finalidade avaliar os métodos diagnósticos para detecção precoce do câncer de mama. A detecção do câncer de mama proporciona inúmeras vantagens, principalmente a utilização de terapia conservadora para seu tratamento.
Subject(s)
Mammography , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem, with rising incidence in many regions of the globe. Although mortality has recently dropped in developed countries, death rates are still increasing in some developing countries, as seen in Brazil. Among the reasons for this phenomenon are the lack of structured screening programs, a long waiting period between diagnosis and treatment, and lack of access to health services for a large proportion of the Brazilian population. METHODS AND DESIGN: Since 2004, an intervention study in a cohort of women in Southern Brazil, denominated Porto Alegre Breast Health Intervention Cohort, is being conducted in order to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a model for BC early detection and treatment. In this study, over 4,000 women from underserved communities aged 40 to 69 years are being screened annually with mammography and clinical breast examination performed by a multidisciplinary team, which also involves nutritional counseling and genetic cancer risk assessment. Risk factors for BC development are also being evaluated. Active search of participants by lay community health workers is one of the major features of our program. The accrual of new participants was concluded in 2006 and the study will last for 10 years. The main goal of the study is to demonstrate significant downstaging of BC in an underserved population through proper screening, attaining a higher rate of early-stage BC diagnoses than usually seen in women diagnosed in the Brazilian Public Health System. Preliminary results show a very high BC incidence in this population (117 cases per 100,000 women per year), despite a low prevalence of classical risk factors. DISCUSSION: This study will allow us to test a model of BC early diagnosis and treatment and evaluate its cost-effectiveness in a developing country where the mortality associated with this disease is very high. Also, it might contribute to the evaluation of risk factors in a population with a different ethnic background from that studied in developed countries. If our model is proven effective, it may be replicated in other parts of the globe where BC is also a major public health problem.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mass Screening/economics , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Cohort Studies , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Mammography/economics , Middle Aged , Models, Economic , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o aspecto clínico e por imagem das recidivas tumorais cutâneas mamárias, alertando o radiologista para esta possibilidade em pacientes tratadas por câncer de mama. São relatados dois casos de recidivas tumorais cutâneas ocorridas 13 meses após a cirurgia, com diagnóstico clínico e ecográfico, este último em equipamento GE Logiq 400 com transdutor multifreqüencial de 6 a 13 MHz. Os achados de imagem são pobres, porém o conhecimento dos mesmos e a correlação com os aspectos clínicos podem alertar o radiologista no sentido de não retardar o diagnóstico da recidiva.
The objective of this study is to demonstrate the clinical and imaging aspects of cutaneous recurrences of breast tumors, alerting the radiologist for this possibility in patients previously treated for breast cancer. We report two recurrent cutaneous breast tumors after 13 months of surgery, diagnosed on clinical and ultrasound examination, the latest on a Logig 400 GE ultrasoundequipment with a multifrequencial transducer of 613MHz. Imaging findings are poor, but knowing them and the correlation with clinical aspects make the radiologist aware not delaying the diagnosis of cutaneous recurrent breast tumors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente branco, de quatro anos de idade, com comprometimento neurológico progressivo. Tomografia computadorizada do crânio e ressonância magnética evidenciaram lesão expansiva no tronco cerebral. Subseqüentemente, foi feito diagnóstico histopatológico de gliossarcoma. Trata-se de um tumor raro do sistema nervoso central que, na grande maioria dos casos, acomete pacientes acima dos 40 anos de idade e tem localização supratentorial. Há poucos casos relatados de gliossarcomas em crianças, sobretudo na região infratentorial. Dados epidemiológicos, assim como achados mais freqüentes na tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, são discutidos.
ABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 55 anos de idade, branco, com diagnóstico radiológico e histopatológico pós-cirúrgico de cisto hidático pulmonar gigante. A epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e características radiológicas desta doença são discutidas
The authors report a case of a 55-year-old white male patient with radiological and postsurgical histopathological diagnosis of a giant lung hydatid cyst. The epidemiological, physiopathological and radiological findings of this disease are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/surgery , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic , Lung , Pneumonectomy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 51 anos de idade, branca, com diagnóstico estabelecido de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a evidência radiológica de fibrose pulmonar grave. A epidemiologia das manifestações pleuropulmonares de lúpus eritematoso sistêmco, dando ênfase à fibrose pulmonar, é discutida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Estudou-se a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de Insuficiência Renal aguda nos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, no período de setembro/96 a setembro/98...
