ABSTRACT
In light of the recent pandemic, several COVID-19 vaccines were developed, tested and approved in a very short time, a process that otherwise takes many years. Above all, these efforts have also unmistakably revealed the capacity limits and potential for improvement in vaccine production. This review aims to emphasize recent approaches for the targeted rapid adaptation and production of vaccines from an interdisciplinary, multifaceted perspective. Using research from the literature, stakeholder analysis and a value proposition canvas, we reviewed technological innovations on the pharmacological level, formulation, validation and resilient vaccine production to supply bottlenecks and logistic networks. We identified four main drivers to accelerate the vaccine product life cycle: computerized candidate screening, modular production, digitized quality management and a resilient business model with corresponding transparent supply chains. In summary, the results presented here can serve as a guide and implementation tool for flexible, scalable vaccine production to swiftly respond to pandemic situations in the future.
ABSTRACT
The use of digitally captured signatures in everyday course of business increases annually and, compared to pen and paper signatures, provides various advantages concerning the administration of documents. These signatures may also become subjects of a forensic handwriting examination and, therefore, in order to optimize their suitability for this purpose, they should satisfy several requirements. This paper presents recommendations drawn up by forensic handwriting examiners associated with ENFHEX (ENFSI) in a project aimed at defining best practices in forensic examination of digitally captured signatures. The paper is dedicated mainly to hardware and software developers, providers, and user institutions of digitally captured signature technologies to improve their practice to a level optimized for forensic handwriting examination. The most important requirements outlined in this paper concern digitally captured signature data, hardware, and software used to acquire these data, as well as optimized signing conditions. Following these requirements ensures the suitability of signature data for forensic handwriting examination and, consequently, increases the reliability of the associated electronic documents. In spite of rapidly evolving technology, they can serve as a solid basis for understanding and consideration of the optimal use of digitally captured signatures for signing electronic documents.
