EFFICIENCY OF MOBILE APPS FOR SELF-MANAGEMENT IN TYPE II DIABETES: (REVIEW).

Diabetes affects millions of patients worldwide. Despite huge improvements in diabetes pharmacotherapy, innovations in glucose diagnosis and monitoring, and the use of insulin pumps, many people with diabetes are not meeting their glycemic control targets and would benefit from greater flexibility and more individualized diabetes management. All guidelines for the management of type II diabetes mellitus focus on lifestyle changes and self-management. Self-management includes changing eating habits and increasing physical activity. Nowadays, computer and mobile applications are increasingly convenient and widespread tools for self-help, their functions include glycemic control, adapted diets, and educational materials about the disease. Users can be not only patients but also medical personnel. Mobile apps can help people manage their health and well-being, promote healthy lifestyles, and access useful information whenever and wherever they need it. These tools are being implemented almost as quickly as they are being developed. Experts estimate that in 2017, for example, there were 325,000 medical applications available on smartphones, which corresponds to 3.7 billion downloads of mobile medical applications by smartphone users worldwide. The article presents an overview of the effectiveness of electronic devices, programs, and applications for smartphones for the self-management of patients with type II diabetes.

АIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF BREAST CANCER IN THE AKTOBE REGION OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN.

Purpose - to establish a relationship between the incidence and the prevalence of breast cancer and air emissions of pollutants in the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.A retrospective study of the database was carried out on the territory of the Aktobe region of Western Kazakhstan. The data were obtained from the Register of Oncological Diseases of the Aktobe Regional Cancer Center. Data on air emissions for 2014-2019 were obtained from the Annual Statistical Bulletin "Environmental statistics. On the state of protection of atmospheric air in Kazakhstan" of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Breast cancer ranks is first among the malignant oncological pathology of women in the Aktobe region in 2019 and is 20.5% (95% CI 19.6-21.4) of all cancer cases. The analysis shows that the incidence and prevalence of breast cancer in 2014-2019 continues to grow: incidents from 37.3 (2014) to 56.0 (2019) per 100,000 population, the growth rate is 8.3%; prevalence: from 274.0 (2014) to 344.8 (2019) per 100,000 population, the growth rate is 4.7%. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a strong direct relationship between benzene emissions and the incidence (r=0.8, p=0.027). A direct strong relationship was found between the prevalence of breast cancer and the amount of emissions into the atmosphere (r=0.8, p=0.027), carbon monoxide (r=0.9, p=0.037), nitrogen oxides (r=0.9, p=0.037), lead (r=0.8, p=0.021), hexavalent chromium (r=0.6, p=0.048), xylene (r=0.7, p=0.047), toluene (r=0.8, p=0.034), methanol (r=0.8, p=0.040), butyl acetate (r=0.7, p=0.046).The unfavorable environmental situation in the Aktobe region associated with the release of chemical pollutants and heavy metals can contribute to the development of cancer. The revealed correlation between the prevalence of breast cancer and the release of chemical elements into the atmosphere requires further study to determine risk factors for breast cancer in the region of Western Kazakhstan.

[STATE OF ACTUAL FOOD ADULT WORKING POPULATION].

The aim of our study was to investigate the actual nutritional status of industrial workers; chemical composition, nutritional and energetic value of the daily food intake of 299 workers in western Kazakhstan. We used a food frequency questionnaire with 24-hour recall to get comprehensive information on the daily diet. Computer calculation was conducted for assessing dietary intake. We carried out calculation of daily food intake, nutrient chemical composition and calorific value by means of a computer program "Diet" (Astana, 2011). It was found that the consumptions of healthier foods is insufficient, food intake is not balanced, with a significant prevalence of protein and fat component. The specific recommendations were made in order to improve the dietary habits of workers.

[Real nutrition of adults and children population of Aktyubinsk Region of Republic of Kazakhstan].

AIM: study real nutrition of adults and children population of Aktyubinsk Region of Republic of Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 260 adults aged of 18-59 and 128 children aged of 10-17 years were under investigation. The adults were differentiated into three age groups: 18-29, 30-39 and 40-59 years. For studying real nutrition a daily energy need, protein content in rations, fats, carbohydrate and mineral substance - magnesium, iron, copper, zinc - were assesses by 24-hours nutrition reproduction method. Investigation was made by questionnaire of observed groups. RESULTS: according to power price and protein content the adults feeding is value and due to protein, content 10-12% from necessary daily energy is provided. In children and adolescents food ration of protein is 1.5 times below normal, real power price is 1.3 times below normal. Fats take a considerable part of food ration both in adults and in children and their amount is increased in 47.4% of men, 45.9% in women and about 50% in children instead of 30% of daily energy. Carbohydrates content in men and women is 1.4 times lower, they cover only 41,8% and 42.1% of energy while they must compose 56% from daily dose. Acute deficiency of carbohydrates intake is noticed in children in two times and power supply composes 39% against 55% of normal. Content mineral substances (magnesium, iron, copper and zinc) in rations adults and children reduced.

[Peculiarities of food status of children in different ecological conditions].

Features of the nutritional status of children living in different environmental conditions, are determined by such factors as the physical development of children, level of hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin. More pronounced adverse effect on the nutritional status of children observed in the oil and gas processing regions and the Aral Sea region.

[The study of corrective role of plant--based drugs with antioxidant action in experimental intoxication with potassium dichromate].

The disturbance of the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant system (pSS) is an essential component of almost all pulmonary diseases. Chromium compounds have a damaging effect on the PSS, which contributes to the formation of nonspecific pulmonary diseases and a burden of chrome disease. The results showed that the oil of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) protects PSS in chronic chrome intoxication.

[Effect of domestic gas on morphological and functional state of parenchymatous organs in rats].

The work is devoted to a study of morphological and functional changes in liver and kidneys in the simulation of subacute toxic exposure of rats to domestic gas in the experiment. In the course of studies found that the subacute intoxication by domestic gas and its metabolites were shown to causes profound structural and metabolic lesions of the liver and kidneys that can progress to develop the chronic liver and kidney insufficiency.