ABSTRACT
We have investigated the chemical composition of Piper gaudichaudianum essential oil, as well as its cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects in V79 cells. The chemical analyses showed that the major compounds are (E)-nerolidol (22.4%), alpha-humulene (16.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.4%). Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects were observed in V79 cells treated with essential oil by using clonal survival, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion assay (TB), and a significant decrease in survival was observed at concentrations of 0.5 microg/mL and higher. The P. gaudichaudianum essential oil treatment caused DNA strand breaks in V79 cells at concentrations up to 2 microg/mL, as detected by the alkaline comet assay, but did not induce double-strand breaks, as verified by neutral comet assay. It induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells at 4, 6 and 10 microg/mL. Moreover, P. gaudichaudianum essential oil significantly increased lipid peroxidation at doses of 0.5 microg/mL and higher, suggesting that the observed oxidant potential can be responsible, at least in part, for its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Subject(s)
Fibroblasts/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Mutagens/toxicity , Oils, Volatile/toxicity , Piperaceae/chemistry , Plant Oils/toxicity , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Comet Assay , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , DNA Damage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagens/analysis , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/analysis , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolismABSTRACT
A procedure to monitor BVOC emitted by living plants using SPME technique is presented. For this purpose, a glass sampling chamber was designed. This device was employed for the characterization of biogenic volatile compounds emitted by leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora. After extraction with SPME fibers coated with PDMS/ DVB, it was possible to identify or detect 33 compounds emitted by this plant. A semiquantitative approach was applied to monitor the behavior of the emitted BVOC during 9 days. Circadian profiles of the variation in the concentration of isoprene were plotted. Using diffusion-based SPME quantitation, a recently introduced analytical approach, with extraction times as short as 15 s, it was possible to quantify subparts-per-billion amounts of isoprene emitted by this plant.
