ABSTRACT
Young stars are thought to accumulate most of their mass through an accretion disk, which channels the gas and dust of a collapsing cloud onto the central protostellar object. The rotational and magnetic forces in the star-disk system often produce high-velocity jets of outflowing gas. These jets can in principle be used to study the accretion and ejection history of the system, which is hidden from direct view by the dust and dense gas of the parent cloud. But the structures of these jets are often too complex to determine which features arise at the source and which are the result of subsequent interactions with the surrounding gas. Here we present infrared observations of a very young jet driven by an invisible protostar in the vicinity of the Horsehead nebula in Orion. These observations reveal a sequence of geyser-like eruptions occurring at quasi-regular intervals and with near-perfect mirror symmetry either side of the source. This symmetry is strong evidence that such features must be associated with the formation of the jet, probably related to recurrent or even chaotic instabilities in the accretion disk.
Subject(s)
Astronomy , Astronomical Phenomena , Gases/analysis , Hydrogen/analysis , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
Early recognition of necrotizing fasciitis is the key to successful treatment. However, initial presentation of this disease is variable. In this case report, the first clinical evidence was a gram stain of the deep surface of the superficial fascia.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology , Fasciitis/pathology , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Fascia/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscles/pathology , NecrosisABSTRACT
This paper reports a retrospective analysis of patients with serious yet substantially survivable injuries represented by ISS scores from 20 to 39 and whether or not survival was influenced by the use of helicopters. A review of 606 of these patients with blunt trauma was performed for the period from 1983 through 1986. When the group was evaluated there were 451 patients in the ISS cohort of 20-29 and 155 in the 30-39 group. The mean age was 30.5 years and 76% were males. A total of 259 patients were transported by ambulance and 347 by helicopter. Characteristics of the two groups were similar. The mean TS was 12.7 for ambulance and 12.1 for helicopter patients. Mean GCS was 10.4 in the ambulance group and 9.6 for helicopter patients. Overall the mortality for ambulance transported patients was 13% compared to 18% for the helicopter group. We conclude that there is no survival advantage in the helicopter transported group in an urban area with a sophisticated prehospital care system. Patients of rural origin deserve further study.