ABSTRACT
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland destruction and manifested by parotid, submandibular and lacrimal gland infection. We report a case with recurrent severe parotid gland infections. The sialographic and CT findings are presented.
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Parotid Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Sialography , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Results of two experiments on differential conditioning of the skin conductance (SCR) in sociopaths and normal control subjects are described. In the first experiment it was found that an equal number of sociopaths and control subjects were aware of the conditioning contingency. However, only the normal subjects displayed reliable differential SCR conditioning. Sociopaths showed a dissociation between verbal learning and conditioning of a physiological change. The second experiment examined the differential conditioning of normal subjects and sociopaths in partial remission. The number of aware subjects in the two groups did not differ. Aware subjects in both groups showed differential SCR conditioning. Differential conditioning in sociopaths did not persist over trials as it did in control subjects. A deficiency in ACTH 4--10 as well as neurological dysfunctions were considered possible factors in the etiology of sociopathy. Further research on the relation of neuropeptides to the etiology and treatment of sociopathy is suggested.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology , Avoidance Learning/physiology , Conditioning, Classical/physiology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/rehabilitation , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Awareness/physiology , Galvanic Skin Response , Heart Rate , HumansABSTRACT
The incidence of nailbiting in 62 sociopath subjects was compared with that in 62 nonsociopath matched controls utilizing the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that the incidence of nailbiting in primary sociopaths (48 per cent) was significantly greater (p less than .01) than the incidence of nailbiting in the control group (24 per cent). Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the significance of nailbiting in sociopaths, particularly the relationship of nailbiting and anxiety in primary sociopathy.
Subject(s)
Antisocial Personality Disorder/complications , Nail Biting/complications , HumansABSTRACT
The CNV, visual AEP and resting EEG were analyzed in sociopaths and controls matched for age and sex. Twenty-seven male sociopaths were selected by psychiatric interview and special rating scale, restricted to Shipley-Hartford IQs of 115-145 and separated into young (x = 20.5 yr) and older (x = 35.3 yr) age groups. Subjects participated in forewarned reaction-time tasks in which the imperative stimulus was either an innocuous or noxious tone that the subject escaped by pressing a response key. Sociopaths and controls did not differ in reaction time, vertex and occipital AEP amplitude or latency, and power spectral density of the EEG. Contrary to previous findings, there also were no significant differences between sociopaths and controls in overall CNV amplitude or topography. However, while most controls showed increased CNV amplitude in the noxious tone condition as compared to the innocuous tone condition, older sociopaths showed no change, or decreased amplitudes.
