ABSTRACT
The pulse-respiration quotient (heart rate divided by the respiration rate, PRQ = HR/RR) is a parameter capturing the complex state of cardiorespiratory interactions. We analysed 482 single PRQ values obtained from measurement on 134 healthy adult subjects (49 men, 85 women, age: 24.7 ± 3.4, range: 20-46 years) during rest. We found that the distribution of PRQ values (i) has a global maximum at around a value of 4 (median: 4.19) and (ii) follows a lognormal distribution function. A multimodality of the distribution, associated with several PRQ attractor states was not detected by our group-level based analysis. In summary, our analysis shows that in healthy humans the resting-state PRQ is around 4 and lognormally distributed. This finding supports claims about the special role of the 4 to 1 cardiorespiratory coupling in particular and the PRQ in general for physiological and medical views and applications. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the largest conducted so far in healthy adult humans about reference values of the PRQ during a resting-state at day.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Rest/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis (A.D.) is a hereditary and distinct form of eczema which may be associated with other atopic manifestations. The aetiopothogenesis of A.D. is unknown and it is widely accepted that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved. House dust mites (HDM) are of great medical importance in causing allergic manifestations in human being. In the present work, a total of 30 A.D. patients with different ages of both sexes were examined for the immunoglobulins level as compared to control group. The IgG, IgM, IgA & IgE were higher in the patients than in the controls. These differences were highly significant in the IgE. On the other hand, IgA showed no significant increase.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Immunoglobulins/blood , Mite Infestations/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Mite Infestations/immunologyABSTRACT
Dermatitis or inflammation of the skin caused by an outside agent, is a condition with many causes. It may result from direct irritation of the skin by a substances (chemical or insecticide) or it may be an allergic reaction to a particular substance that has been in contact with the skin as soap or detergent or insect urticating hairs; injected as insect saliva or faeces or sting or taken by mouth as food or drug. In general, treatment of dermatitis depends mainly upon the cause. In the present study, three species of mites were isolated from the dust collected from houses of atopic dermatitis patients. These mites were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Ornithonyssus bacoti and Haemogamasus pontiger. The former species was the predominant one which is known to produce the most potent allergen. It was concluded that house dust mites are one of the aetiological factors of atopic dermatitis and that genera of mites other than Dermatophagoides may be considered as allergen in house dust mites.
