Incidence et risque résiduel de transmission des virus de l'hépatite B et C par transfusion sanguine à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) : Étude de cohorte

l'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer l'incidence et le risque de transmission des virus des hépatites B et C par transfusion. nous avons conduit une étude de cohorte rétrospective de janvier 2009 à décembre 2014 portant sur les dons de 12 969 donneurs bénévoles et réguliers de sang au Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Bobo-dioulasso. le diagnostic de l'infection par le VhC ou le VhB était obtenu par technique eliSa devant la présence dans le sérum des anticorps anti-VhC pour le VhC ou de l'antigène hBs pour ce qui est du VhB. le taux d'incidence du VhB était de 2,16 pour 100 donneurs-années et celui du VhC était de 2,59 pour 100 donneurs-années. le risque de transmission du VhB était estimé à 1 pour 302 dons et celui du VhC à 1 pour 213 dons. un renforcement de la sélection des donneurs de sang s'avère indispensable devant un risque élevé de transmission des virus de l'hépatite B et/ou C par don de sang provenant des donneurs bénévoles réguliers

Prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso.

To determine the current status of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among schoolchildren after 10 years of mass treatment with praziquantel. Parasitological surveys were conducted in 2013 in 22 primary schools located in 11 regions of Burkina Faso. Urine filtration methods and Kato-Katz techniques for stool were used to detect the eggs of Schistosoma hæmatobium, Schistosoma mansoni, and STH. 3514 schoolchildren aged from 7 to 11 (1.415 ± 9) years participated in the study. The prevalence of S. hæmatobium was 8.1% and of S. mansoni, 1.2%. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis ranged from 0.6% to 26.2% and that of urinary schistosomiasis from 0.6% to 56.2%. The prevalence of hookworms was 1.1%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.1%, and Trichuris trichiura 0.06%. The arithmetic mean of S. hæmatobium and S. mansoni were respectively 6 eggs/10 mL and 1.07 epg (eggs per gram). The arithmetic means of eggs were 0.07 epg, 0.03 epg, and 1.89 epg respectively for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and Ankylostoma spp. This study shows the current situation for schistosomiasis and STH infections in different regions of Burkina Faso. Elimination of this parasitic disease requires the inclusion of other control methods, in addition to mass treatment.

[Partial nephrectomy on solitary kidney: Renal function outcome and predictive factors of impairment]. / Néphrectomie partielle pour cancer sur rein unique : évolution de la fonction rénale et facteurs prédictifs de son altération.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the postoperative functional outcome of PN in solitary kidney and define some predictive factors of renal change. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A monocentric series of 45 partial nephrectomies on solitary kidneys, performed between 1988 and 2014, was retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, per- and postoperative clinicopathological data were collected in the UroCCR database. The evolution of early, medium and long-term postoperative Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was evaluated. Predictive factors of GFR decline and hemodialysis were assessed in multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 61 years old (±10.8). Mean preoperative GFR and tumor size were respectively 59.6 mL/min (±18.7) and 3.9 cm (±2.6). Vascular clamping was performed in 41 cases (91%). Median time of warm ischemia was 20 minutes (2-60). Mean follow-up was 66 months (±47). Mean GFR at day 5, 1 month and last follow-up were respectively 46.4 mL/min, 50.3 mL/min and 53.1 mL/min. At day 5 and at last follow-up, a GFR decrease ≥ 20% was found in 20 patients (44.4%) and in 16 patients (35.5%), respectively. Five patients (11%) required definitive hemodialysis (HD) at last follow-up. At day 5, tumor size>4 cm (0.006) and operative time (P=0.003) were independent predictive factors of GFR decline. At 1 year, RENAL ns ≥ 10 was the only independent predictive factor of GFR alteration (P=0.0007). Preoperative GFR was significantly associated with final hemodialysis (P=0.023). CONCLUSION: Partial nephrectomy allows most of the patients presenting with renal cell carcinoma on solitary kidney to be free of hemodialysis. Tumor complexity, tumor size and preoperative GFR seems to play a determinant role on postoperative functional outcome. These non-modifiable predictive factors should be recognized and taken into account to better select patients with high risk of postoperative renal failure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

[Comparative study of schistosomiasis transmission (urinary and intestinal forms) at 10 sites in Burkina Faso (in sub-Saharan Africa)]. / Étude comparative de la transmission de la schistosomiase (formes urinaire et intestinale) dans dix sites du Burkina Faso.

Despite great progress in schistosomiasis control over the past decade in Burkina Faso, this disease remains a public health problem. This study analyzes parasitologic data from investigations of Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni, and mollusks. The prevalence rate of S. haematobium varies from 3.3% to 50.4%; that for S. mansoni (tested only in the western part of the country) from 3.3% to 39.1%. Prevalence rates are higher in school-aged boys than girls, but the reverse is true among adults. Studies of mussels showed the presence of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus globosus in these areas. Our results indicate that behavioral factors as well as the dynamics and the distribution of the intermediate mollusks play a major role in the persistence of the disease.

Changes in testicular fluid production and plasma hormones in the adult rat after testicular 60Co irradiation.

Adult Wistar rats exposed to testicular radiocobalt irradiation (0.8 Gy) were alloted to four groups: sham control, protected control, unilaterally irradiated and bilaterally irradiated. The rats of each group were killed 30, 45, 60, 75 and 105 days after gamma-ray exposure and/or general anaesthesia. Tubular fluid (TF) production, estimated by ligature of the efferent ducts of both unilaterally and bilaterally irradiated testes, 24h prior to sacrifice, was transiently increased 30 and 45 days after irradiation (P less than 0.001); there was no increment in the interstitial fluid (or lymph) collected compared to sham and protected control testes. At 30 and 45 days, irradiated testis weight decreased significantly. From 60 to 105 days after gamma-ray exposure, TF gradually returned to control levels, while the testicular weight increased. The plasma FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone of the irradiated rats did not change significantly compared to the controls. Consequently, it is presumed that TF secretion was regulated locally by a germ cell-Sertoli cell interrelationship.