Structure of the Useful Adaptive Result in the Systemic Organization of Physiological Functions as a Subject of Scientific Analysis: History and Prospects of Research.

The concept of "useful adaptive result", a key concept in the theory of functional systems by P. K. Anokhin, is discussed. A large body of works devoted to this problem, in the historical aspect and on the basis of results of own researches, allows concluding that useful adaptive results of the system organization of physiological functions include not only the event arising as a result of activity of the system, but also the physiological cost of this activity. The ratio of the physiological cost and performance indicators gives an idea of the effectiveness of system activity and is its integral characteristic. The main approaches to estimation of physiological cost and efficiency of activity are discussed, as well as possibilities of using methods of applied mathematics (correlation and cluster analysis, artificial neural network technology) to describe system organization of physiological functions in healthy people. The question of the use of the proposed regulations to describe the system organization of physiological functions in patients with Parkinson's disease and epilepsy is considered.

[The modification of predictors of course of acute period of craniocerebral trauma under implementation of stream model of medical care support].

The specificity of course of acute period of craniocerebral injury and organization of medical care support are the factors determining outcomes for this category of patients. The purpose of the study is to investigate changes in predictors of course of acute period course of craniocerebral injury under implementation of stream model of medical care organization. The sampling included 150 patients with moderate and severe craniocerebral injury based on data obtained in 2013 and 2019, respectively. The clinical characteristics of patients (gender, age, level of consciousness, alcoholic intoxication, type of injury) and the characteristics of organization of medical care (mode of admission, qualification of hospital physician, time prior to surgery intervention) were evaluated. The selection of predictors significant for prognosis of outcomes of acute period of craniocerebral injury was implemented on the basis of logit-regression analysis and artificial neural network technology. The sampling of patients was divided into groups on the basis of outcomes of acute period of craniocerebral injury. The groups with relatively favorable and unfavorable course of acute period of craniocerebral injury were identified. It is demonstrated that prior to implementation of stream model of medical care provision, the most significant factors determining outcomes of the acute period of craniocerebral injury were characteristics of organization of medical care of these patients. After implementation of stream model the leading predictors became clinical characteristics of patients.

[The short-term prognostication of characteristics of course and optimization of tactics of medical care support of patients with epilepsy].

In clinical practice the identification of the dynamics of course of focal epilepsies on the basis of available clinical and neurophysiological indices (prognostication) is of great importance. The purpose of the study is the short-term prognostication of the course of focal frontal and temporal epilepsy. The materials and methods. The control (42 patients) and clinical (70 patients) groups were examined. The complex clinical physiological examination was carried out using electroencephalography, cognitive evoked potential, cardiac rhythm variability and the Schulte test. The cluster analysis was applied to allocate the observable patients into groups according to the dynamics of seizures frequency. The artificial neural networks technology based on physiological characteristics was applied to classify patients into groups with different course of disease. The results. The spectral characteristics of electroencephalographic signal had the greatest value for short-term prognostication of course of disease in the group of patients with focal frontal epilepsy. In patients with focal temporal epilepsy, the most significant predictors were the characteristics of cognitive evoked potential and characteristics of function of coherence of electroencephalogram. The conclusions. The developed algorithm of prognostication of unfavorable course of focal frontal epilepsy has high sensitivity, but lower specificity. Contrariwise, in case of temporal epilepsy, high specificity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrative, but its sensitivity is lower. It is recommended to apply these algorithms and to accentuate attention on characteristics of potential parameters at organization of diagnostic process in case of focal epilepsy.

[The comparative analysis of physiological mechanisms of efficiency of purposeful activity in healthy people and patients with epilepsy]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz fiziologicheskikh mekhanizmov rezul'tativnosti tselenapravlennoi deiatel'nosti u zdorovykh lits i bol'nykh épilepsiei.

AIM: To study the specificity of physiological mechanisms determining the efficiency of modelled purposeful activity in healthy people and patients with epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 235 people, including 72 healthy people (47 men and 25 women) and 163 patients with epilepsy (84 men and 79 women). Emotional and cognitive disorders were scored. Purposeful activity was modelled using the Gorbov-Shulte test. EEG, visual and auditory evoked potentials, P300 wave were recorded. The 'NS-Psychotest' complex was used to record a simple visual-motor reaction, a choice of difference and finger-tapping test. Heart rate variability and external breath functions were studied. An artificial neural network method was used for the prognosis of purposeful activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 'resultative' and 'low resultative' groups were selected on the basis of the Gorbov-Shulte test performance. Patients with symptomatic forms of epilepsy, higher frequency of generalized seizures and cognitive disorders were mostly represented in the low resultative group. Artificial neural network classification into groups with different efficiency of activity reveals the greater role of the parameters of afferent and associative mechanisms in healthy people, parameters of cross correlation function of EEG and motor system function in patients with epilepsy.

[THE SPECIFITY OF MOTOR SYSTEMS ORGANISATION AND IT''S INFLUENCES ON RESULTNESS OF ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY PEOPLE AND PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY].

The specificity of motor systems and its influences on effectiveness of modeling purposeful activity in 46 healthy people and 110 patients with epilepsy was studied. Using cluster analysis the patients with epilepsy were divided in 2 groups: high- and low efficient. The differences of physiological parameters, which characterize the activity of central level of motor systems and visual-motor reaction, were determined. The high level of activation of cortical mechanisms of decision-making and preparedness to motor reaction in the group of healthy people and low effectiveness associated with insufficient activation of these mechanisms in the group of patients with epilepsy was described.

[Physiological mechanisms of simulated purposeful activities in patients with epilepsy].

We examined 102 patients with symptomatic, cryptogenic, and idiopathic forms of epilepsy in order to investigate the physiological mechanisms providing the efficiency of purposeful activity in patients with this disease. Three clusters of patients were formed with the use of the Gorbov-Shulte performance test. The patients of "low efficiency" cluster were characterized by the lack of habituation mechanisms in the activity of afferent systems and mechanism of motor response; the activity rate of stress adaptation systems and the rate of intrasystemic tension during the preparation to purposeful activities were higher than in patients of "intermediate" and "high performance" clusters.