Effects of Protease in Soybean Meal-Reduced Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets.

This experiment was conducted in weaned piglets to determine the effects of exogenous protease to low soybean meal (SBM) diets on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Seventy-two Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned barrows (21-day-old, 5.88 ± 0.95 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates in each following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of SBM levels (0 to 14 d, 9%, 7.5%; 15 to 42 d, 20%, 18.5%) and protease (0 or 150 mg/kg) for a 42-day trial. Fecal samples were collected on days 11 to 14 and 38 to 42 of the experiment, and serum, intestinal tissue, and chyme samples were taken at the end of the experiments. Adding protease in low SBM diets had a significant increase in ADG (p < 0.05) and a decrease in F/G (p < 0.05). Protease significantly reduced the diarrhea rate (p < 0.05). Low SBM level decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) and ash (p < 0.05) but increased the ATTD of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), and CP after the addition of protease (p < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of aspartic acid (Asp), threonine (Thr), serine (Ser), alanine (Ala), lysine (Lys), and total amino acids (AAs) were significantly increased by protease supplementation (p < 0.05). Both the SBM-reduced and protease-added diets lead to lower albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G), and urea nitrogen (UREA) (p < 0.05), but greater globulin (GLOB) with low SBM diets (p < 0.05). The SBM-reduced and protease-added diets decreased the duodenum pH, respectively (p < 0.05). The protease increased the villus:crypt (V:C) in the duodenum and ileum, and ileal villus length (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of 150 mg/kg protease improved the intestinal health and performance of the weaned piglets and reversed the negative effect of a 1.5% SBM reduction in nutrient utilization, intestinal pH, and intestinal morphological parameters of weaned piglets.

The effect of functional sports training on tae kwon do athletes' explosive power / Efeitos de treinamento funcional esportivo na força explosiva de atletas de tae kwon do / Efectos de entrenamiento funcional deportivo en la fuerza explosiva de atletas de tae kwon do

ABSTRACT Introduction: The training methods of Tae Kwon Do athletes need to be scientific and standardized. Their explosive power, especially, has a direct impact on the performance in the sport. Objective: To study the content and methods of functional training for Tae Kwon Do athletes. Methods: This study includes a bibliographic investigation, an interview, and uses the logical analysis method to explore the functional training of Tae Kwon Do athletes. Results: There were highly significant changes in the explosive power before and after the athletes' functional training experiment, as well as in their core endurance, core stability, routine skills, and other indicators. Conclusion: Functional training has become an effective method to improve the explosive power in Tae Kwon Do athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Os métodos de treinamento de atletas do taekwondo devem ser padronizados com base em evidências. O uso de força explosiva, especialmente, tem um impacto direto na performance nesse esporte. Objetivo: Estudar o conteúdo e os métodos do treino funcional de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Esse estudo inclui uma investigação bibliográfica, uma entrevista, e usa o método de análise lógica para explorar o treinamento funcional de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Resultados: Houve mudanças muito significativas na força explosiva dos atletas antes e depois do experimento com treino funcional. O mesmo ocorreu quanto à resistência e estabilidade do core, em suas habilidades de rotina, e em relação a outros indicadores. Conclusões: O treino funcional tornou-se um método eficiente para melhorar a força explosiva de atletas do Tae Kwon Do. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los métodos de entrenamiento de atletas del taekwondo deben ser estandarizados con base en evidencias. El uso de la fuerza explosiva, especialmente, tiene un impacto directo en el desempeño en este deporte. Objetivo: Estudiar el contenido y los métodos del entrenamiento funcional de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Métodos: Este estudio incluye una investigación bibliográfica, una entrevista y usa el método de análisis lógico para explorar el entrenamiento funcional de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Resultados: Hubo cambios muy significativos en la fuerza explosiva de los atletas antes y después del experimento con entrenamiento funcional. Lo mismo ocurrió con respecto a la resistencia y a la estabilidad del core, en sus habilidades de rutina, y en relación a otros indicadores. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento funcional se tornó un método eficiente para mejorar la fuerza explosiva de atletas del Tae Kwon Do. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

[Prediction of postoperative visual acuity in cataract patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane by hand-held retinal optometer and optical coherence tomography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of hand-held retinal optometer and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in predicting postoperative visual acuity in patients with age-related cataract and idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients undergoing phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation for age-related cataract in our hospital from January, 2019 to April, 2020.Preoperative examination detected idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane in 45 of the patients (52 eyes) with lens opacity grade C2N2P1 according to LOCSⅡ lens opacity classification criteria.Based on the thickness of the macular fovea, the eyes were divided into group A (9 eyes) with macular thickness < 300 µm by OCT examination, group B (25 eyes) with macular thickness of 300 to 400 µm, and group C (18 eyes) with macular thickness >400 µm.The best corrected visual acuity and retinal visual acuity before operation and the best corrected visual acuity on the first day and at 3 months after the surgery were compared among the 3 groups.The consistency between the preoperative retinal vision and the best corrected vision at 3 months after the surgery was analyzed. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity at one day and 3 months after the surgery differed significantly from that before the surgery in all the 3 groups (P < 0.05).The best corrected visual acuity recovered to 0.3-0.5 in most of the patients in the 3 groups. Thirty-one (91.18%) of the patients with a macular thickness less than 400 µm had a visual acuity≥0.3 after cataract surgery, as compared with only 14 patients (77.78%) among those with a macular thickness >400 µm.There was a positive linear correlation between preoperative retinal visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity at 3 months after the surgery (r=0.830, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with cataract and idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane, phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation can improve postoperative vision.Hand-held retinal optometer can accurately assess postoperative vision in patients with stage C2N2P1 cataract.Patients with a macular thickness >400 µm caused by idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane are likely to have poor postoperative visual outcomes.