ABSTRACT
Traditional image encryption technology usually encrypts a normal image into a noise matrix, which can protect the image in a certain extent, but noise appearance is easy to arouse the suspicion of attackers. To avoid this problem, a method of encrypting image into carrier image with visual meaning is proposed. Inspired by the existing visually secure encryption technique, we proposed an improved method based on the integer wavelet transform (IWT) and prediction scheme. The secret image is hidden in the high frequency coefficients of IWT to achieve good invisibility, and prediction error are used to replace the pixels of the carrier image to improve the final image quality. Experimental results and analysis show that the quality of the encrypted image is 3.5 dB better than that of the previous ones.
ABSTRACT
In order to explore forest restoration approach effect on carbon storage of severely burned area in Greater Xing'an Mountains, the carbon contents of tree, shrub, herb and litter from two plantations (Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) and natural secondary forest were determined, respectively, by using dry combustion method. The biomass of each component was obtained to estimate the distribution characterization of forest vegetation carbon storage by combing whole harvest method with average standard wood method. The results showed that, for both plantations and secondary forest, the average carbon content of shrub was higher than that of arbor and herb. In the L. gmelinii plantation, the average carbon contents of shrub, litter, arbor and herb were 45.8%, 45.3%, 44.4% and 33.6%, respectively. The average carbon content of shrub and arbor was more than 50% in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, while that of arbor, shrub and litter was about 42% for the secondary forest. The biomass of arbor was higher than shrub and herb. In L. gmelinii plantation, the total biomass of vegetation and litter was 123.90 t · hm(-2), which was significantly higher than that of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and secondary forest. The carbon storage of vegetation in L. gmelinii plantation was 50.97 t · hm(-2), among which the arbor was 49.87 t · hm(-2), accounting for 97.8% of the total carbon storage in forest vegetation, while the proportion of herb carbon storage only occupied 0.02%. The total carbon storage of plantations was higher than that of the secondary forest, suggesting a stronger capacity of carbon sink through artificial restoration on severely burned area in Greater Xing' an Mountains during this period.
