[Application Status and Prospect of Rehabilitation Assessment Technology].

Rehabilitation assessment is the basis and important part of rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment. At present, clinical evaluation is usually carried out by observation method and scale method. At the same time, researchers monitor patients' physical condition data through sensor system and other equipment as a supplement. The purpose of this study is to review the application and development of objective rehabilitation assessment technology in clinical practice, and to discuss its limitations and strategies to provide reference for related research.

[Research and Application of Smartphone-based Detection System to Immunoassay].

The emergence of smart phones has not only brought extensive changes to people's way of life, but also provided a new research platform for the expansion and application of science and technology. Technicians have combined immunoassay methods with smart phone sensing technology to develop a variety of smartphone-based biological sample analysis and detection sensing systems, promoting the application of immunoassay methods in POCT fields. In this review, we summarize the researches and applications of smart-phone in the field of immune analysis. According to the different sensors and detection objects, these applications can be divided into four aspects: camera-based spectrometer, camera-based enzyme reader, camera-based strip reader and spectrophotometer based on environmental light sensor. This study also briefly discusses some limitations of current smart phone application in immune analysis, and prospects the future applicability of smart phone sensing system.

A smart tablet-phone-based system using dynamic light modulation for highly sensitive colorimetric biosensing.

Facile, efficient, and inexpensive biosensing systems are in high demand for biomedical test. In recent years, numerous smartphone-based biosensing systems have been developed to match demand for biomedical test in source-limited environment. However, application of these smartphone-based biosensing systems was limited because of performance gap between the smartphone-based systems and commercial plate readers. In this study, we have developed a smart tablet-phone-based colorimetric plate reader (STPCPR) with intelligent and dynamic light modulation for broad-range colorimetric assays. The STPCPR allows controllable modulation of exciting light in three different color channels that is lack in conventional smartphone-based system. Using optimized exciting modulation, the STPCPR shows higher sensitivities, lower detection limits, and broader detection ranges in test of pigments, proteins, and cells when compared to conventional plate readers and smartphone-based system. Therefore, the developed STPCPR can serve as an ideal next-generation smartphone-based biosensing system for point-of-care colorimetric test in diverse biomedical applications in source-limited environment.

Electromechanical integrated recording of single cardiomyocyte in situ by multimodal microelectrode biosensing system.

The development of new drugs is a lengthy process, while the observation of serious side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, can result in the drug to be withdrawn even after development, leading to heavy burden on human health and social economy. To assess the drug cardiotoxicity, the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes are increasingly being used to investigate the mechanisms and potential toxicity of drugs. Conventional non-invasive and label-free recording strategies are not well suited to record the integrated electromechanical signals from the single cell in a high-throughput manner, whereas label-based recordings strategies suffer from phototoxicity and drug side effects, precluding their long-time detection. In this study, we established a new multimodal microelectrode biosensing system to achieve the simultaneous and dynamic interrogation of electromechanical signals from multisite single cardiomyocytes. This multimodal device can detect subtle changes in the electromechanical signals induced by ion channel drugs during the excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes. The use of electromechanical integrated single cell signals for drug assessment was compared with commercial drug assays, and our multimodal microelectrode biosensing system can afford record electromechanical integrated signals as well as efficiently identify the effects of ion channel-blocking drugs on the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes. Our multimodal microelectrode biosensing system is a potential valuable platform in the fields of cardiology and pharmacology.

A biosensing system using a multiparameter nonlinear dynamic analysis of cardiomyocyte beating for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in humans. Therefore, cardiotoxicity is one of the most important adverse effects assessed by arrhythmia recognition in drug development. Recently, cell-based techniques developed for arrhythmia recognition primarily employ linear methods such as time-domain analysis that detect and compare individual waveforms and thus fall short in some applications that require automated and efficient arrhythmia recognition from large datasets. We carried out the first report to develop a biosensing system that integrated impedance measurement and multiparameter nonlinear dynamic algorithm (MNDA) analysis for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition and classification. The biosensing system cultured cardiomyocytes as physiologically relevant models, used interdigitated electrodes to detect the mechanical beating of the cardiomyocytes, and employed MNDA analysis to recognize drug-induced arrhythmia from the cardiomyocyte beating recording. The best performing MNDA parameter, approximate entropy, enabled the system to recognize the appearance of sertindole- and norepinephrine-induced arrhythmia in the recording. The MNDA reconstruction in phase space enabled the system to classify the different arrhythmias and quantify the severity of arrhythmia. This new biosensing system utilizing MNDA provides a promising and alternative method for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition and classification in cardiological and pharmaceutical applications.

[Design and Application of Intelligent Management System of Artificial Airway Airbag Pressure in Intensive Care].

In order to solve the problem of continuous monitoring and automatic regulation of patient airbag pressure in intensive care unit, the study designed an intelligent management system of artificial airway airbag pressure. It can realize real-time monitoring and automatic control of airbag pressure. Its pressure data was sent to the PC in real time by the serial port. It can realize the display, store, review and analysis of pressure data. Its clinical application effect was discussed. Experiments showed that the system can monitor airbag pressure in real time and control the pressure to stabilize at 25~30 cmH2O. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a statistically significant difference in the operation time of monitoring patients' airbag pressure, changes in airbag pressure, the instantaneous maximum value during nursing operation, and the number of aspiration and reflux cases. The clinical application of the system can reduce the workload of medical staff greatly, effectively reduce the number of patients with aspiration and reflux, reduce the incidence of ventilator pneumonia.

[Research Progress of 3D Printing Technology in Medical Field].

3D printing technology is a kind of manufacturing technology for increasing materials. Based on its advantages of rapid prototyping, digitalization and customization, it can effectively meet the needs of personalized and accurate medical treatment, and has been widely studied and applied in the medical field. This paper introduces the principle, technology and materials of 3D printing technology, and describes the research and application status of the technology in medical field. Meanwhile, some problems of 3D printing technology existing in the current development and its future application prospects also will be discussed.

Portable Smartphone-based Colorimetric Analyzer with Enhanced Gold Nanoparticles for On-site Tests of Seafood Safety.

Saxitoxin (STX) is one of the paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) that endanger people's health. It is necessary to develop methods for the on-site rapid detection for STX in order to prevent safety accidents. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is timesaving and effective, but it is not suitable for large-scale in-field tests due to the expensiveness of commercial ELISA kits and the bulkiness of a microtiter plate reader (MTPR). In this study, a portable smartphone-based colorimetric analyzer (SBCA) with a cost-effictive enhanced gold nanoparticle-based ELISA (EGNB-ELISA) was proposed for STX detection. In a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (R2 = 0.9939) and a glucose assay (R2 = 0.9937), SBCA was shown to be in good agreement with MTPR. EGNB-ELISA had a 12.5-fold lower detection limit (0.4 ng/mL) and a lower detection range (1 - 50 ng/mL, Y = 0.4037X + 0.3564, R2 = 0.9797) than the classical ELISA. The recovery rate ranged over 89.1 - 112.2%. The whole detection system, combining both homemade SBCA and ENGB-ELISA, is expected to satisfy the needs of on-site STX sample tests to guarantee seafood safety.

Portable Microplate Analyzer with a Thermostatic Chamber Based on a Smartphone for On-site Rapid Detection.

A microplate method provides an efficient way to use modern detection technology. However, there are some difficulties concerning on-site detection, such as being non-portable and time-consuming. In this work, a novel portable microplate analyzer with a thermostatic chamber based on a smartphone was designed for rapid on-site detection. An analyzer with a wide-angle lens and an optical filter provides a proper environment for the microplate. A smartphone app-iPlate Monitor was used for RGB analyze of image. After a consistency experiment with a microtiter plate reader (MTPR), the normalized calibration curves were y = 0.7276x + 0.0243 (R2 = 0.9906) and y = 0.3207x + 0.0094 (R2 = 0.9917) with a BCA protein kit as well as y = 0.182x + 0.0134 (R2 = 0.994) and y = 0.0674x + 0.0003 (R2 = 0.9988) with a glucose kit. The times for obtaining the detection requirement were 15 and 10 min for the BCA protein kit and the glucose kit at 37°C; in contrast, it required more than 30 and 20 min at ambient temperature. Meanwhile, it also showed good repeatability for detections.