Under the humble mask: Investigating when and how leader-expressed humility leads to employee voice.

This study aimed to explore the psychological mechanisms through which psychological safety and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between leader-expressed humility and employee voice. Moreover, attribution theory was applied to examine the possible detrimental effects of leader-expressed humility when employees perceive manipulative intentions in their humble leader. The current study proposed the leader's manipulative intention as a moderator to weaken the indirect relationships between leader-expressed humility and employee voice through psychological safety and self-efficacy. Time-lagged supervisor-subordinate matched data were used to test the model. Our findings reveal leader's manipulative intention weakens the positive effect that leader-expressed humility impacts on employee voice through psychological safety and self-efficacy. The implications of the findings were discussed from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

Leader Humility and Machiavellianism: Investigating the Effects on Followers' Self-Interested and Prosocial Behaviors.

Existing research on leader humility primarily demonstrates its positive effects. This study challenges this view by proposing the potential negative effects of leader humility on followers' behaviors. Furthermore, this paper employs the person-situation interactionist perspective to extend the research on integrating followers' personality traits and leader humility. Specifically, this study proposed that leader humility triggers their followers' sense of power; moreover, this study wagers that whether followers' sense of power encourages self-interested or prosocial behavior in followers depends on their particular Machiavellian traits. The theoretical model was tested using the time-lagged supervisor-subordinate matched data obtained. Our findings revealed that follower Machiavellianism fosters the relationship between a sense of power and self-interested behavior but it weakens the relationship between a sense of power and prosocial behavior. Thus, this study provides a better understanding regarding the effect of follower personality and leader humility on follower behavioral reactions.

Novel Pyridyl-Oxazole Carboxamides: Toxicity Assay Determination in Fungi and Zebrafish Embryos.

Eight novel pyridyl-oxazole carboxamides were evaluated against fungi and displayed good fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinereal and Rhizoctonia solani. Preliminary bioassay results indicated that at 100 mg/L, compounds 6a-6e, 6g and 6h exhibited 100% fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea, and the compound 6b to Rhizoctonia solani at 100%. Then, the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test was performed to assess the toxicity of 6b and 6c. A series of malformations appeared, when the zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6b and 6c, such as delayed yolk sac resorption, significant shortening of body length, pericardial edema, bending spine, lack of melanin, heart hemorrhage, head hemorrhage, delayed swim sac development, yolk malformation and head malformation. In addition, the acute toxicity of 6b to zebrafish embryo is 4.878 mg/L, and 6c is 6.257 mg/L.

1,2,4-Oxadiazole-Based Bio-Isosteres of Benzamides: Synthesis, Biological Activity and Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryo.

To discover new compounds with broad spectrum and high activity, we designed a series of novel benzamides containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety by bioisosterism, and 28 benzamides derivatives with antifungal activity were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated against four fungi: Botrytis cinereal, FusaHum graminearum, Marssonina mali, and Thanatephorus cucumeris. The results indicated that most of the compounds displayed good fungicidal activities, especially against Botrytis cinereal. For example, 10a (84.4%), 10d (83.6%), 10e (83.3%), 10f (83.1%), 10i (83.3%), and 10l (83.6%) were better than pyraclostrobin (81.4%) at 100 mg/L. In addition, the acute toxicity of 10f to zebrafish embryo was 20.58 mg/L, which was classified as a low-toxicity compound.