Range-reference determination of lymphocyte subsets in Moroccan blood donors.

BACKGROUND: Information on lymphocyte populations (T, B, and Natural killer cells) and subpopulations (CD4 and CD8) in Morocco is scarce if not inexistent. OBJECTIVE: To establish a reference value of these cells in 242 Moroccan young adult blood donors by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Smokers had significantly higher total leukocyte count (p < 0.001), total lymphocyte count (p < 0.0001) and higher CD3+CD4+ cells (p < 0.0001). The percentage of CD3-CD56+ subsets was affected by smoking (p < 0.01). Our analysis positively correlate with previous observations of an increase of absolute CD4+ T cells, with no changes in other lymphocyte subset cells in smokers. The lymphocyte subpopulation distributions for all antigens were found to be similar to those reported in Saudi and Italian adults, while higher levels were reported for the same gender in other countries, especially Ghana and Kuwait. CONCLUSION: The international classification standards of the HIV-infected subjects according to their rates of CD4 are applicable to the present study's population.

[Performances of the Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test in non respiratory specimens (study about 1538 samples)]. / Performances du test "Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test" sur les échantillons extrarespiratoires (étude sur 1538 échantillons).

From March 1998 to August 2009, 1538 non-respiratory samples collected from 1182 patients, were tested using the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Direct Test™ (AMTD). After decontamination procedure, every sample was tested by AMTD and by culture on solid and liquid media. The "Gold-standard" was considered by the combination of culture results and clinical diagnosis. Tuberculosis was present in 17,59 % (208 patients). For theses 1538 non-respiratory samples (225 culture positive samples, 248 AMTD positive), 279 corresponded to tuberculosis. After resolving the discordant results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative values were 89, 99, 99,6 and 97,3 %.

[Biological profile of type I allergies at Mohamed V Hospital (Rabat- Morocco)]. / Profil biologique des allergies de type I chez les consultants de l'hôpital Mohamed V de Rabat.

Allergic diseases are ranked fourth considering the world health organization classification of diseases. The consequences linked to these ailments are huge for public health economics and the diagnosis is awkward due to clinical polymorphism and multifactorial aetiologies. The allergologic diagnosis is the result of weighing in clinical and biological findings. The biological assessment is made of qualitative specific and multiple-allergen serum IgE test, which once positive drives to skin test and each allergen-specific IgE level determination to conclude. Our study aims at displaying biological analysis results of incoming patients with clinical allergy conditions. We carried out a nine months retrospective study, from June 2007 to March 2008, with 200 outwards patients involved. Blood samples were collected using dry tubes and as recommended we first did screening tests for respiratory (Pharmacia Phadiatop) and food (fx 5) allergens, then for positive samples we proceeded to serum specific IgE assay (UniCap, Phadia). We also realized the total IgE assay on 46 patients using Roche Elecsys 2010 technology. 49% of patients enrolled in the study were positive to aerollergens, d1 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus being the most incriminated (96.4%), and 2.5% to food allergens. On 13% of patients, we noticed a double sensitization to d1 and g6 (pollen of grasses). Concerning the total IgE dosage, we found 50% of patients tested with normal values, 28% of whom having a positive allergologic screening test. Further studies matching clinical data, skin tests to serum IgE assay are necessary to draw the profile of respiratory and dermatological allergies for our patients.

[Mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aortic due to Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: a case report]. / Anévrisme mycotique de l'aorte abdominale à Salmonella enterica sérotype enteritidis: à propos d'un cas.

Bacteraemia due to non Typhi Salmonella is frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infected patients). Focal vascular complications especially in patients with artheriosclerosis are rarely reported. We report the case of patient who presented a mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aortic due to Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. Despite the chirurgical treatment associated with antibiotherapy, the patient evolution was fatal.

[Epidemiology and susceptibility profile of blood culture isolates in an intensive care unit (2002-2005)]. / Epidémiologie et profil de sensibilité des isolats d'hémoculture dans un service de réanimation (2002-2005).

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture in the intensive care unit, to improve empirical antibiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was made over a four-year period (2002-2005) in the intensive care unit of the Mohammed-V Military Hospital. It included all the bacteria identified in blood culture. RESULTS: During this period, we collected 286 isolates, Gram-negative bacilli 49.3% and Gram-positive cocci 46.85%. The most frequently identified species were Acinetobacter baumannii (13.63%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 25.54%: Klebsiella pneumoniae 7%, and Enterobacter cloacae 7%. The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 52.94 % and coagulase negative staphylococci 60.24%. No resistance to glycopeptides was observed. Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to third generation cephalosporins in 42.6 % and had a broad-spectrum betalactamase phenotype in 18%. The resistance rate of A. baumannii was 68.7% for ceftazidime and 31.4% for imipenem. The resistance rate of P. aeruginosa to the third generation cephalosporines and the imipenem were respectively 16.6% and 10.5%. CONCLUSION: A regular epidemiologic study of blood culture isolates and determination of susceptibility to antibiotics are necessary to improve empiric therapy.

[Bacteriological aspects of osteitis in a university hospital]. / Les aspects bactériologiques des ostéites dans un hôpital universitaire.

INTRODUCTION: The aim, of our retrospective study, was to determine the epidemiological and susceptibility profile of bacterial osteitis isolates in the Rabat Mohammed V Military Hospital, to optimize the probabilistic antibiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was made from August 2004 to December 2005. All the positive specimen for the etiologic diagnosis of osteitis and osteoarthritis were included. RESULTS: During this period, 85 osteitis cases were documented. 123 isolates were collected. 31 cases of osteitis allowed for the isolation of at least 2 bacteria (36.5%). The Gram positive cocci rate was 54.5%, the Gram negative bacilli rate 39.8%, and the Gram positive bacilli rate 5.7%. The distribution by groups was staphylococcus spp 46.4%, enterobacteriaceae 25.2% and non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli 12.9%. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus (23,6%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.7%). All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to oxacillin and 30.8% of the coagulase negative staphylococci were resistant. The enterobacteriaceae resistance rates were 64.5% for clavulanic acid-amoxicillin and 16% for third generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin. The non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli resistance rate was 37.5% for ceftazidim, 62.5% for ticarcillin, and 12.5% for imipenem. CONCLUSION: Our results show the potential efficient therapy for community osteitis, using the traditional association: methicillin-aminosides and oral relay with fluoroquinolones. In nosocomial osteitis, the antibiotherapy must be modulated according to the identification and an antibiogram.