Application of soil herbicides in gardening to improve fruit production.

The study considered the use of soil herbicides: Begin Turbo, KS; Dual Gold, KE; Euro-Lighting, VRK; Command, KE; Pivot, VK; Proponite, KE; Zenkor Ultra, KS and partially soil action: Demetra, KE, and Dialen Super, KS. We conducted a comparative assessment of the biological effectiveness of the studied herbicides against the main species of weeds present in the experimental plots, annual and perennial dicotyledonous, annual cereal weeds. The effect of soil herbicide treatments on the physiological state of plants of apple, pear, walnut, and black currant was studied. The effect of the use of the studied drugs on the yield of protected crops for three years was evaluated. The tests proved the applicability of soil herbicides in nursery, production gardens, as well as on seedlings with a closed root system. The tested products, despite the principle of their action - penetration into weeds through the soil, did not harm the protected crops, no negative effect on the growth of trees and shrubs was recorded. The study revealed no evidence that drugs had a negative impact on fruit and berry crop productivity. There are suggestions for improving the efficacy of using soil herbicides when planting fruit and berry crops.

[Use of fixed individual micro-implant supported orthodontic appliance in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate]. / Primenenie nes"emnykh individual'nykh ortodonticheskikh apparatov s oporoi na mikroimplantatakh u detei s dvustoronnei rasshchelinoi guby i neba.

Congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region are significant, not completely decisive, medical and social problems. Recent literature data indicate a trend towards improvement. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Improving the effectiveness of treatment of children with bilateral orthodontic and surgical training. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Under the supervision were 80 children with cleft lip and palate, with an age of up to 3 years. Of these 56 patients, 28 patients are the 2nd group prepared for surgery according to the developed technique. RESULTS: Preoperative orthodontic preparation of 28 children with bilateral cleft and an indicator that 22 (78.6%) patients should not have fully achieved results between the interhuman and fragmentary alveolar process of the upper jaw. In the second group of patients, 27 (96.4%) patients showed a normal ratio of the intermaxillary bone and lateral fragments. CONCLUSION: The use of the developed orthodontic design with active elements and mini implants in 96.4% of cases requires the presence of pre-spiral orthodontic preparation, normalization of the position of the intercellular bone and shape, followed by primary chelorinoplastics and in relation to additional uranoplastics, as well as the periodic stages of rehabilitation of patients with bilateral cleft lip and achieved thereby a stable aesthetic and functional result.

[Study of cross-activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen preparations].

AIM: Study cross-activity of S. pneumoniae antigen preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antigen preparations were obtained by ultrasound disintegration (from bacteria in R-form), extraction with water (from serotype 3 bacteria), cetavlon and trichloroacetic acid (from serotype 6A bacteria). Chemical composition and immunochemic properties of preparations were studied by contemporary methods as well as in experiments with direct and cross-protection of mice from infection. RESULTS: 3 of 4 preparations (except ultrasound disintegrate) had approximately 30% of protein. In immunodiffusion reaction they interacted with hyper immune rabbit sera obtained against 12 various pneumococcus serotypes--1, 3, 4, 6A, 6B, 9V, 9N, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F. In animal experiments 30 - 70% of mice were protected from subsequent infection with knowingly high dose of homologous and 3 heterologous pneumococcus strains. In immunoblotting the highest number of components serologically active with heterologous sera was formed by cetavlon extract (12 - 23). Addition of capsule polysaccharides to the preparation increased its cross-protective activity. CONCLUSION: By data set and the highest yield, water extract is reasonable for isolation of cross-reactive proteins of pneumococcus. Development of another method of extraction from cultural fluid is necessary for obtaining extracellular protein antigens. Generation of vaccines containing cross-reactive proteins of pneumococcus and capsule polysaccharides is a promising direction.

[Monoclonal antibodies to rubella virus glycoprotein E1].

AIM: To obtain monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) to glycoprotein E1 of rubella virus, to assess their immunochemical characteristics and ability to use fluorescent MCA for rapid identification of rubella virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rubella virus strain C-74 (Moscow), vaccine strains "Orlov" (Saint-Petersburg), Wistar RA 27/3 (USA) as well as strain Judith (Germany) were used. Viral antigens were obtained using diploid cells L-68 and cell lines VNK-21-F and Vero E6. MCAs were produced by conventional method and their isotype was determined: Immunoblotting, immunoenzume assay (IEA), hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were performed. RESULTS: Five monoclonal antibodies--Kh-252.1, Kh-347.2, Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4, Kh-187.5--to antigens of rubella virus strain C-74 were obtained. Isotypes of these antibodies were determined and their reactivity with native and denaturated antigens of other strains ("Orlov", Wistar RA 27/3, Judith) was characterized. IEA showed that all MCAs interacted with rubella virus glycoprotein E1 at high titers ranging from 1/1600 to 1/200,000. Immunoblotting demonstrated that 4 MCAs (Kh-252.1, Kh-347.2, Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4) had aforementioned feature. MCAs inhibited hemagglutinating activity of Judith strain in titer from 1/16 to 1/1024 in HIA. FITC conjugate of MCA Kh-347.2 (most sensitive variant) allowed to detect rubella virus in infected Vero E6 cells after 24 hours since infection, whereas FITC conjugates of 3 MCAs (Kh-183.3, Kh-214.4, Kh-187.5)--after 72 hours since infection. CONCLUSION: Use of FITC conjugates of MCAs is a perspective tool for identification of rubella virus glycoprotein E1 in infected cell cultures and nasopharyngeal swabs.